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. 2014 Jun 26;10(6):e1004231. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004231

Figure 3. Ingested human IGF1 increased ROS levels in A. stephensi midguts.

Figure 3

Peroxide levels were quantified at 6(A) and 24 h (B) following IGF1 treatment. Each data point represents the quantified peroxides in a pool of five midguts; three pools were collected per treatment per experiment. Data are represented as fold-change relative to saline/ATP-fed controls and were analyzed by unpaired t-test. Experiments were replicated three times with separate cohorts of mosquitoes and p-values are indicated. (C) Representative images from confocal microscopy of MitoSOX Red stained midguts. Upper Panel: MitoSOX Red staining, scale bars = 20 µm; Middle Panel: DAPI staining scale bars = 20 µm; Lower Panel: Merged images, scale bars = 10 µm. Differences in nuclei size are due to differences in focal plane not magnification. (D) Mitochondrial superoxide levels were quantified from MitoSOX Red fluorescence. Average fold inductions±SEM of MitoSOX Red fluorescence from low IGF1 (0.013 µM) and a positive control (1 µM rotenone) relative to controls. Data were analyzed by unpaired t-test (n = 4).