Table 4. The effects of smoking on the levels of HMGB1 and sRAGE in COPD patients.
| Parameter | Never smoker (range) | Ex-smokers (range) | Current smokers (range) | P1 | P2 | P3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male/female) | 4/10 | 10/1 | 1/18 | 0.002 | <0.01 | 0.685 |
| Age (years) | 71.57±7.94 | 66.63±7.34 | 66.52±9.08 | 0.125 | 0.107 | 0.973 |
| FEV1% pred (%) | 47.28±12.38 | 43.12±19.23 | 51.11±10.29 | 0.518 | 0.339 | 0.223 |
| A-HMGB1 (ng/mL) | 0.477 (0.376-0.572) | 0.404 (0.376-0.522) | 0.480 (0.355-0.600) | 0.062 | 0.559 | 0.028 |
| A-sRAGE (ng/mL) | 4.699±0.351 | 4.193±0.673 | 4.563±0.512 | 0.021 | 0.985 | 0.043 |
| C-HMGB1 (ng/mL) | 0.422±0.047 | 0.385±0.058 | 0.443±0.056 | 0.106 | 0.177 | 0.012 |
| C-sRAGE (ng/mL) | 4.411 (3.583-5.256) | 4.234 (2.652-4.742) | 4.487 (3.782-5.360) | 0.125 | 0.402 | 0.021 |
FEV1, forced expiratory volume at 1 s; % pred, percent of predicted value; A-HMGB1, high-mobility group box1 levels of acute exacerbation of COPD; C-HMGB1, high-mobility group box1 levels of convalescence of COPD; A-sRAGE, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products of acute exacerbation of COPD; C-sRAGE, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products of convalescence of COPD; P1, ex-smokers compared with never smoker; P2, current smokers compared with never smoker; P3, current smokers compared with ex-smokers.