Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by systolic BP level
| Characteristic | Systolic BP (mmHg) | P Value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n=3474) | 70–109 (n=222) | 110–119 (n=433) | 120–129 (n=738) | 130–139 (n=722) | 140–149 (n=582) | 150–159 (n=376) | 160–248 (n=401) | ||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 136.2±19.8 | 102.9±6.2 | 114.9±3.1 | 124.5±3.1 | 134.6±3.1 | 144.3±3.0 | 154.3±3.0 | 173.3±12.9 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78.8±12.4 | 65.3±8.2 | 71.3±8.6 | 75.1±8.8 | 78.8±9.5 | 81.8±11.0 | 85.6±11.8 | 90.7±14.7 | <0.001 |
| Age (yr) | 51.8±9.4 | 50.7±9.1 | 50.3±9.4 | 50.8±9.4 | 51.6±9.4 | 52.4±9.4 | 53.2±9.4 | 53.8±8.9 | <0.001 |
| Women | 1297 (37) | 112 (50) | 180 (42) | 278 (38) | 246 (34) | 205 (35) | 118 (31) | 158 (39) | <0.001 |
| Nonwhite race | 817 (24) | 35 (16) | 93 (21) | 134 (18) | 174 (24) | 144 (25) | 114 (30) | 123 (31) | <0.001 |
| Country | |||||||||
| Brazil | 608 (18) | 20 (9) | 52 (12) | 87 (12) | 112 (16) | 107 (18) | 94 (25) | 136 (34) | <0.001 |
| Canada | 388 (11) | 21 (9) | 49 (11) | 102 (14) | 93 (13) | 60 (10) | 39 (10) | 24 (6) | |
| United States | 2478 (71) | 181 (82) | 332 (77) | 549 (74) | 517 (72) | 415 (71) | 243 (65) | 241 (60) | |
| Graft vintage (yr) | 4.1 (1.7, 7.4) | 4.2 (1.5, 8.8) | 3.7 (1.6, 8.0) | 4.3 (1.9, 7.6) | 3.9 (1.6, 7.6) | 4.0 (1.6, 7.0) | 4.0 (1.8, 6.9) | 3.8 (1.6, 6.8) | 0.38 |
| History of CVD | 700 (20) | 48 (22) | 65 (15) | 146 (20) | 142 (20) | 121 (21) | 79 (21) | 99 (25) | 0.04 |
| History of diabetes | 1392 (40) | 87 (39) | 158 (36) | 272 (37) | 264 (37) | 258 (44) | 150 (40) | 203 (51) | <0.001 |
| BP-lowering medication use | |||||||||
| ACE inhibitors | 1127 (32) | 65 (29) | 123 (28) | 223 (30) | 222 (31) | 197 (34) | 134 (36) | 163 (41) | 0.002 |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 464 (13) | 41 (18) | 58 (13) | 92 (12) | 80 (11) | 79 (14) | 59 (16) | 55 (14) | 0.10 |
| β-Blockers | 1958 (56) | 113 (51) | 231 (53) | 396 (54) | 392 (54) | 333 (57) | 220 (59) | 273 (68) | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 1386 (40) | 71 (32) | 154 (36) | 295 (40) | 302 (42) | 247 (42) | 168 (45) | 149 (37) | 0.01 |
| Diuretics | 1309 (38) | 81 (36) | 159 (37) | 248 (34) | 271 (38) | 217 (37) | 159 (42) | 174 (43) | 0.02 |
| Any of the above | 3072 (88) | 187 (84) | 358 (83) | 633 (86) | 637 (88) | 525 (90) | 348 (93) | 384 (96) | <0.001 |
| No. of BP-lowering medications used | 1.8±1.1 | 1.7±1.2 | 1.7±1.2 | 1.7±1.1 | 1.8±1.1 | 1.9±1.1 | 2.0±1.1 | 2.1±1.0 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.1±6.2 | 27.8±6.3 | 28.4±6.1 | 28.7±6.1 | 29.4±6.4 | 29.2±5.9 | 29.9±6.1 | 30.2±5.9 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 384 (11) | 29 (13) | 39 (9) | 88 (12) | 75 (10) | 64 (11) | 44 (12) | 45 (11) | 0.70 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 185.0±44.1 | 179.3±42.2 | 179.1±39.8 | 182.8±42.2 | 183.1±41.8 | 186.1±42.6 | 189.7±50.2 | 195.7±50.7 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 46.2±13.9 | 46.4±15.4 | 45.9±14.1 | 46.0±13.4 | 46.1±14.0 | 46.4±14.1 | 45.2±13.4 | 47.8±14.0 | 0.27 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 101.3±34.5 | 96.5±32.5 | 96.7±31.2 | 99.7±33.3 | 100.4±33.2 | 102.6±33.7 | 105.0±38.6 | 107.9±39.1 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 199.3±188.4 | 189.4±139.5 | 192.4±128.5 | 194.5±125.3 | 194.1±132.5 | 197.5±144.8 | 225.9±416.7 | 208.4±157.6 | 0.10 |
| Urine ACR (mg/g) | |||||||||
| <10 | 1010 (29) | 88 (40) | 181 (42) | 253 (34) | 218 (30) | 145 (25) | 77 (20) | 48 (12) | <0.001 |
| 10–29 | 908 (26) | 64 (29) | 118 (27) | 209 (28) | 181 (25) | 159 (27) | 89 (24) | 88 (22) | |
| 30–299 | 1118 (32) | 56 (25) | 104 (24) | 216 (29) | 240 (33) | 193 (33) | 136 (36) | 173 (43) | |
| ≥300 | 438 (13) | 14 (6) | 30 (7) | 60 (8) | 83 (11) | 85 (15) | 74 (20) | 92 (23) | |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 48.9±17.6 | 49.1±18.7 | 50.8±18.5 | 48.9±17.3 | 49.0±16.9 | 48.8±17.4 | 49.1±17.8 | 46.9±17.2 | 0.10 |
| CKD stage (eGFR ml/min per 1.73 m2) | |||||||||
| 1T (≥90) | 96 (3) | 10 (5) | 14 (3) | 19 (3) | 19 (3) | 12 (2) | 9 (2) | 13 (3) | 0.17 |
| 2T (60–89) | 723 (21) | 43 (19) | 107 (25) | 152 (21) | 141 (20) | 129 (22) | 88 (23) | 63 (16) | |
| 3Ta (45–59)a | 1055 (30) | 63 (28) | 133 (31) | 224 (30) | 234 (32) | 165 (28) | 117 (31) | 119 (30) | |
| 3Tb (30–44) | 1163 (33) | 79 (36) | 128 (30) | 251 (34) | 244 (34) | 203 (35) | 111 (30) | 147 (37) | |
| 4T (15–29) | 428 (12) | 26 (12) | 50 (12) | 92 (12) | 83 (11) | 73 (13) | 48 (13) | 56 (14) | |
| 5T (<15) | 9 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | — (—) | 1 (0) | — (—) | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | |
Data reported as mean±SD, median (25th percentile, 75th percentile), or frequency (%). P value comparisons across BP categories are based on chi-square for categorical variables, Kruskal–Wallis test for median graft vintage, and ANOVA for other continuous variables. ACE, angiotensin enzyme-converting; T, transplant.
a
Terminology developed by Levey et al.40