Table 2.
Association of KIM-1, IL-18, and UACR with mortality
| Exposure Variable | Unadjusted | Demographic-Adjusteda | Risk Factor–Adjustedb | Adjusted for Baseline Kidney Functionc | Adjusted for Time-Dependent Kidney Functiond | Adjusted for Rapid Decline in Kidney Functione |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KIM-1 standardized to UCr (ng/mg) | ||||||
| Continuous (per doubling) | 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) | 1.15 (1.10, 1.19) | 1.10 (1.05, 1.15) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.11) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.08) |
| P value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.48 |
| Quartiles | ||||||
| <497 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 497–814 | 1.15 (0.98, 1.34) | 1.27 (1.08, 1.48) | 1.21 (1.04, 1.42) | 1.21 (1.03, 1.41) | 1.24 (1.06, 1.45) | 1.09 (0.92, 1.30) |
| 815–1239 | 1.06 (0.90, 1.24) | 1.29 (1.09, 1.52) | 1.17 (0.99, 1.38) | 1.13 (0.96, 1.34) | 1.16 (0.98, 1.36) | 1.03 (0.86, 1.23) |
| ≥1240 | 1.39 (1.20, 1.62) | 1.77 (1.51, 2.09) | 1.46 (1.23, 1.72) | 1.28 (1.08, 1.52) | 1.33 (1.12, 1.57) | 1.35 (1.14, 1.60) |
| P valuef | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.007 | 0.10 |
| IL-18 standardized to UCr (pg/mg) | ||||||
| Continuous (per doubling) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.09) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.08) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) |
| P value | 0.99 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.54 | 0.88 | 0.37 |
| Quartiles | ||||||
| <19 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 19–31 | 0.98 (0.84, 1.14) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.21) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) | 1.02 (0.88, 1.19) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.26) |
| 32–55 | 1.05 (0.91, 1.22) | 1.25 (1.07, 1.45) | 1.21 (1.04, 1.41) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.35) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.35) | 1.20 (1.00, 1.26) |
| ≥56 | 0.95 (0.82, 1.11) | 1.21 (1.03, 1.42) | 1.15 (0.98, 1.35) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) | 1.02 (0.84, 1.23) |
| P valuef | 0.60 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.16 |
| ACR (mg/g) | ||||||
| Continuous (per doubling) | 1.14 (1.12, 1.16) | 1.13 (1.11, 1.16) | 1.12 (1.09, 1.14) | 1.11 (1.08, 1.13) | 1.09 (1.06, 1.12) | 1.09 (1.06, 1.13) |
| P value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| >30 versus <30 mg/g | 1.95 (1.73, 2.21) | 1.84 (1.62, 2.08) | 1.67 (1.47, 1.90) | 1.57 (1.38, 1.79) | 1.43 (1.25, 1.62) | 1.56 (1.34, 1.80) |
| P value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Quartiles | ||||||
| <4.6 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 4.6–8.3 | 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) | 1.07 (0.91, 1.26) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.26) | 1.08 (0.91, 1.27) | 1.04 (0.88, 1.23) | 1.02 (0.85, 1.22) |
| 8.4–20.3 | 1.26 (1.07, 1.47) | 1.26 (1.08, 1.48) | 1.23 (1.05, 1.45) | 1.24 (1.06, 1.46) | 1.15 (0.98, 1.35) | 1.11 (0.92, 1.33) |
| >20.3 | 2.06 (1.77, 2.40) | 1.95 (1.67, 2.26) | 1.71 (1.46, 2.00) | 1.63 (1.39, 1.91) | 1.46 (1.25, 1.71) | 1.52 (1.27, 1.81) |
| P valuef | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
UCr, urine creatinine.
a
Adjusted for age, sex, race, site, and education.
b
Additionally adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, SBP, smoking, prevalent heart failure, prevalent CHD, albumin, and CRP.
c
Risk factor-adjusted for eGFRcys and UACR at baseline.
d
Risk factor-adjusted for baseline UACR and eGFRcys (time-dependent).
e
Risk factor-adjusted for baseline UACR and rapid kidney function decline (∆eGFRcys≥3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year).
f
P value for trend.