Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population (n=278)
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Men, n (%) | 156 (56.1) |
| Age (yr) | 60±10 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 115 (41.4) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |
| Nonsmoker | 197 (70.9) |
| Ex-smoker | 52 (18.7) |
| Current smoker | 29 (10.4) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.7±4.3 |
| Background atherosclerotic vascular complications, n (%) | 54 (19.5) |
| Background coronary artery disease, n (%) | 26 (9.4) |
| Background heart failure, n (%) | 8 (2.9) |
| Background ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular event, n (%) | 26 (9.4) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 128±19 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77±11 |
| Serum urea (mg/dl) | 252±134 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 2.52±1.39 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 33.6±17.8 |
| CKD stages, n (%) | |
| 3a | 61 (21.9) |
| 3b | 77 (27.7) |
| 4 | 92 (33.1) |
| 5 | 48 (17.3) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.0±2.1 |
| Serum albumin (g/dl) | 4.18±0.35 |
| Serum calcium (mg/dl) | 9.40±0.40 |
| Serum phosphate (mg/dl) | 3.78±0.77 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 105±36 |
| Fasting total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 180±40 |
| Fasting triglyceride (mg/dl) | 135±88 |
| Total antihypertensive agents (n) | 2.58±1.25 |
| Use of calcium-channel blockers, n (%) | 183 (65.8) |
| Use of β-blockers, n (%) | 142 (51.1) |
| Use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, n (%) | 223 (80.3) |
| Use of statins, n (%) | 119 (42.8) |
| Use of aspirin, n (%) | 53 (19.1) |
| Use of erythropoietin-stimulating agent, n (%) | 10 (3.6) |
Continuous data are expressed as mean±SD and categorical data as number (percentage).