Table 4.
Multiple logistic regression analysis of progressors in various cardiac structural and functional parameters in relation to baseline CKD stages
| Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI), P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 3a (n=61) | Stage 3b (n=77) | Stages 4 and 5 (n=140) | |
| Progressor of LVMi | |||
| Adjusted for age and sex | Reference | 0.93 (0.46 to 1.87), P=0.8 | 2.50 (1.32 to 4.74), P=0.01 |
| Plus baseline LVMi | Reference | 0.91 (0.45 to 1.85), P=0.8 | 2.71 (1.41 to 5.23), P=0.003 |
| Adjusted model | Reference | 0.94 (0.45 to 1.94), P=0.9 | 3.24 (1.50 to 6.98), P=0.003 |
| Fully adjusted model | Reference | 0.83 (0.39 to 1.75), P=0.6 | 2.78 (1.25 to 6.19), P=0.01 |
| Progressor of LVVi | |||
| Adjusted for age and sex | Reference | 1.66 (0.83 to 3.34), P=0.2 | 2.67 (1.40 to 5.06), P=0.003 |
| Plus baseline LVMi and LVVi | Reference | 1.62 (0.80 to 3.28), P=0.2 | 2.77 (1.43 to 5.38), P=0.003 |
| Adjusted model+baseline LVVi | Reference | 1.59 (0.76 to 3.33), P=0.2 | 2.62 (1.21 to 5.65), P=0.02 |
| Fully adjusted model+baseline LVVi | Reference | 1.63 (0.77 to 3.47), P=0.2 | 2.70 (1.22 to 5.99), P=0.02 |
| Progressor of LAVi | |||
| Adjusted for age and sex | Reference | 2.23 (1.10 to 4.54), P=0.03 | 3.28 (1.71 to 6.34), P<0.001 |
| Plus baseline LVMi and LAVi | Reference | 2.23 (1.09 to 4.55), P=0.03 | 3.21 (1.64 to 6.28), P=0.001 |
| Adjusted model+baseline LAVi | Reference | 1.99 (0.95 to 4.17), P=0.07 | 2.61 (1.22 to 5.63), P=0.01 |
| Fully adjusted model+baseline LAVi | Reference | 2.12 (0.99 to 4.56), P=0.05 | 2.50 (1.13 to 5.54), P=0.02 |
| Progressor of Sm | |||
| Adjusted for age and sex | Reference | 0.88 (0.44 to 1.77), P=0.7 | 0.62 (0.33 to 1.16), P=0.1 |
| Plus baseline LVMi+Sm | Reference | 0.90 (0.44 to 1.83), P=0.8 | 0.58 (0.30 to 1.12), P=0.1 |
| Adjusted model+baseline Sm | Reference | 0.87 (0.41 to 1.82), P=0.7 | 0.59 (0.27 to 1.26), P=0.2 |
| Fully adjusted model+baseline Sm | Reference | 0.81 (0.38 to 1.73), P=0.6 | 0.57 (0.26 to 1.26), P=0.2 |
| Progressor of ejection fraction | |||
| Adjusted for age and sex | Reference | 1.47 (0.74 to 2.91), P=0.3 | 1.28 (0.69 to 2.39), P=0.4 |
| Plus baseline LVMi+ejection fraction | Reference | 1.24 (0.56 to 2.76), P=0.6 | 1.59 (0.75 to 3.37), P=0.2 |
| Adjusted model+baseline ejection fraction | Reference | 1.20 (0.53 to 2.73), P=0.7 | 1.42 (0.60 to 3.32), P=0.4 |
| Fully adjusted model+baseline ejection fraction | Reference | 1.12 (0.48 to 2.59), P=0.8 | 1.38 (0.57 to 3.38), P=0.5 |
| Progressor of mwFS | |||
| Adjusted for age and sex | Reference | 0.69 (0.35 to 1.37), P=0.3 | 0.85 (0.46 to 1.58), P=0.6 |
| Plus baseline LVMi+mwFS | Reference | 0.73 (0.35 to 1.54), P=0.4 | 0.76 (0.38 to 1.52), P=0.4 |
| Adjusted model+baseline mwFS | Reference | 0.81 (0.38 to 1.77), P=0.6 | 0.98 (0.44 to 2.17), P=1.0 |
| Fully adjusted model+baseline mwFS | Reference | 0.79 (0.36 to 1.74), P=0.6 | 0.90 (0.40 to 2.07), P=0.8 |
| Progressor in diastolic dysfunction gradea | |||
| Adjusted for age and sex | Reference | 2.37(0.98 to 5.75), P=0.06 | 2.71(1.19 to 6.18), P=0.02 |
| Plus baseline LVMi+diastolic function grade | Reference | 2.60 (1.03 to 6.53), P=0.04 | 3.14 (1.31 to 7.53), P=0.01 |
| Adjusted model+baseline diastolic function grade | Reference | 2.48 (0.96 to 6.39),. P=0.06 | 3.34 (1.26 to 8.91), P=0.02 |
| Fully adjusted model+baseline diastolic function grade | Reference | 2.35 (0.87 to 6.37), P=0.09 | 2.84 (1.02 to 7.89), P=0.05 |
“Progressor” was defined as those in the upper 50th percentile for changes in LVMi, LVVi, or LAVi over 1 year and those with changes over 1 year in the lower 50th percentile for Sm and ejection fraction. Adjusted model: adjusted for known factors associated with LV abnormalities, including age, sex, diabetes, background coronary artery disease, baseline systolic BP, hemoglobin, serum albumin, LDL cholesterol, baseline LVMi, and change in systolic BP over 1 year. Fully adjusted model: adjusted for all factors above plus medications, including use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, β-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and diuretics. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; LVMi, LV volume index; LVV, LV volume index; mwFS, midwall fractional shortening.
“Progressor” in diastolic dysfunction grade was defined as deterioration in diastolic function over 1 year by 1 or more grades according to the diastolic dysfunction grading by the American Society of Echocardiography using a combination of echocardiographic parameters, including LAVi, average of septal and lateral Em, and E/Em ratio. Patients who already had the most severe form of diastolic dysfunction (grade III) at baseline were not considered in the diastolic dysfunction progression analysis.