Table 1.
Clinical features and biomarkers according to body mass index and presence or absence of T2DM
| Control n = 36 | Obese n = 11 BMI < 40 | Obese n = 20 BMI > 40 | Obese without DM n = 31 | Obese with DM n = 9 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 38 ± 11 | 41.5 ± 15 | 40.7 ± 10.4 | 40.7 ± 11 | 41.75 ± 15.27 |
| Gender F/M | 18/18 | 7/4 | 19/1 | 25/6 | 8/1 |
| BMI kg/m2 | 24 ± 4 | 33.75 ± 3.1 | 48.3 ± 7.5 | 43 ± 9.3 | 45.9 ± 9.5 |
| SBP mmHg | 111 ± 9 | 115.8 ± 9 | 122.9 ± 10.5 | 120.3 ± 10.3 | 122.5 ± 11.6 |
| DBP mmHg | 70 ± 6 | 77.9 ± 7.8 | 80 ± 5.5 | 79.38 ± 6 | 80 ± 7.56 |
| Glucose mg/dL | 89 ± 13 | 98.85 ± 8.7 | 93.8 ± 4.5 | 96.3 ± 3.7 | 114 ± 27.4* |
| HOMA-IR | 2 ± 1.05 | 3.49 ± 3.1 | 5.4 ± 3.2 | 4.67 ± 3 | 6.1 ± 4.05** |
| HbA1c (%) | 4.2 ± 1.4 | 4.3 ± 2.7 | 5.96 ± 0.4 | 5.57 ± 2.3 | 5.98 ± 3.4 |
| TC mg/dL | 167 ± 8 | 192 ± 30.86 | 191.4 ± 30.7 | 189.2 ± 30.2 | 200 ± 31.3 |
| HDL-C mg/dL | 49 ± 7 | 38.5 ± 6.2 | 42.1 ± 10 | 41 ± 8.4 | 42.3 ± 13.5 |
| LDL-C mg/dL | 95 ± 7 | 115.4 ± 17.8 | 118.2 ± 22.8 | 116.1 ± 21.2 | 123.2 ± 23.5 |
| Triglycerides mg/dL | 120 ± 8 | 248.7 ± 105.4 | 178.1 ± 72 | 202.8 ± 91.4 | 168 ± 55.3 |
| AST median (range) IU/L | 19 (12-26) | 20 (17-40) | 21 (14-128) | 21 (14-128) | 22 (14-25) |
| ALT median (range) IU/L | 20 (16-31) | 30.5 (19-91) | 21 (13-189) | 25 (13-189) | 23 (14-38) |
| GGT median (range) IU/L | 21.5 (15-35) | 29.5 (15-104) | 28 (15-177) | 28 (15-177) | 38 (17-159) |
| Uric acid mg/dL | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 5.3 ± 1.9 | 6.4 ± 1.3 | 6.34 ± 1.7 | 7 ± 2.3 |
| Creatinine clearance ml/min/1.73 m2 | 96.9 ± 29 | 100.5 ± 66 | 139.5 ± 47.9 | 129.8 ± 54.3 | 122 ± 43.8 |
| Leptin ng/mL | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 5.3 ± 3.02 | 6.3 ± 4 | 6.2 ± 4 | 5.3 ± 2.6 |
| Resistin ng/mL | 5.4 ± 2.2 | 8.7 ± 1.6 | 8.87 ± 2.3 | 8.66 ± 2.06 | 9.4 ± 2.5 |
| IL-2 pg/mL | < 5 | 38.5± 13.1 | 48.1 ± 11.8 | 39.6± 18.9 | 81 ± 12.3** |
| IL-6 pg/mL | 7.4 ± 8.3 | 177.2 ± 117.4 | 213.3 ± 80.76 | 197.5 ± 78.97 | 223.6 ± 115 |
| IL-10 pg/mL | < 5 | 11.5 ± 8.5 | 25.39 ± 7.4 | 19.65 ± 6 | 36 ± 19 |
| TNFα pg/mL | 10 ± 4 | 63.5 ± 13.5** | 8.24 ± 4.5 | 19.18 ± 14.8 | 14 ± 12 |
| Ghrelin pg/mL | 1465 ± 12 | 1780 ± 197** | 1149 ± 89.03 | 1351 ± 116.9 | 987.4 ± 114* |
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transaminase, DM, diabetes mellitus.
*
p < 0.01 (obese without DM vs. obese with DM).
**
p < 0.05 with respect to all groups (ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey).