Fig. 5.
Complexity derived from Mullerian and Darwinian sources in natural protein and in simple proteins engineered from scratch (maquettes). The figure explains that any amino acid serves a number of utilities in a protein. It also demonstrates that an amino acid or a function in a protein displays interdependencies, close and far, with a number of other amino acids. The maquette approach to protein construction diminishes both the number of utilities and interdependencies.