Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical (A), echocardiographic and biochemical (B) characteristics of patients referred with suspected TB pericarditis
|
A. |
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Baseline feature |
All study patients |
Definite-TB |
Probable-TB |
Non-TB |
| Number = 151 | Number = 74 | Number = 50 | Number = 27 | |
|
Demographics |
|
|
|
|
| Age (median, IQR) |
34 (29 to 42) |
33 (27 to 38)* |
33 (28 to 37)* |
52 (34 to 60) *P <0.001 |
| Male (number, %) |
93 (62) |
48 (65) |
32 (64) |
13 (48) |
| HIV positive (number, %)a |
105 (74) |
59 (80)* |
41 (82)* |
5 (28) *P < 0.001 |
| CD4 count (median, IQR)a |
139 (81 to 249) |
131 (70 to 206)* |
153 (81 to 271)* |
301 (229 to 424) *P = 0.04 |
| ARV therapy (number/Number, %) |
18/98 (18) |
10/54 (19) |
7/39 (18) |
1/5(20) |
|
Presenting clinical features |
|
|
|
|
| NYHA Class I – II (number/Number, %) |
77/134 (58) |
39/66 (59)* |
35/47 (75)* |
3/21 (14) *P < 0.001 |
| NYHA Class III – IV (number/Number, %) |
57/134 (41) |
27/66 (41)* |
12/47 (25)* |
18/21 (86) *P < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mean, SD) (number = 145) |
113 (17) |
113 (17) |
112 (16) |
115 (22) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mean, SD) (number = 145) |
72 (14) |
72 (15) |
72 (13) |
73 (14) |
| Heart rate (mean, SD) (number = 146) |
111 (20) |
114 (22) |
108 (16) |
111 (21) |
|
Serum biochemical data |
|
|
|
|
| Haemoglobin g/dl (mean, SD) |
9.6 (2.1) |
9.4 (2.1)* |
9.3 (1.7)* |
10.9 (2.3) *P = 0.004 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L (median, IQR) |
73 (59 to 90) |
72 (58 to 86) |
77 (61 to 92) |
72 (61 to 81) |
| Total WCC × 109/L (median, IQR) |
6.5 (4.8 to 9.3) |
6.5 (4.4 to 8.2)* |
5.8 (4.8 to 7.2)* |
10.5 (7.1 to 15.2) *P <0.001 |
|
B. |
|
|
|
|
|
Echocardiographic features |
|
|
|
|
| Size of effusion (mm) (mean, SD) (number = 126) |
36 (14) |
36 (14)* |
38 (13)* |
29 (14) *P <0.001 |
| Tamponade (number, %) (number = 141) |
94 (67) |
50 (72) |
32 (64) |
12 (55) |
|
Routine pericardial fluid analyses |
|
|
|
|
| ADA IU/L (median, IQR) (number = 142) |
51 (34 to 75) |
59 (45 to 86)* |
51 (34 to 77)* |
17 (11 to 27) *P <0.001 |
| Total protein g/L (median, IQR) (number = 148) |
60 (52 to 68) |
59 (53 to 68) |
63 (56 to 68) |
56 (48 to 62) |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (median, IQR) (number = 135) |
1419 (867 to 2305) |
1553 (999 to 2800)* |
1093 (725 to 1613)* |
884 (442 to 2305) *P = 0.02 |
| Total PF WCC × 109/l (Median, IQR) (number = 136) |
2.1 (1.1 to 3.3) |
2.0 (1.2 to 3.0) |
2.2 (1.2 to 2.9) |
3.0 (0.7 to 8.9) |
| Lymphocyte predominance (number/Number, %)b | 52/107(49) | 29/56 (52)* | 22/34 (65)* | 1/17 (6) *P <0.001 |
aNine patients refused testing or had unknown HIV status, and four HIV-infected patients had no CD4 cell count data. bMultiple invalid results. *P values indicate significant differences between patient groups. ADA, adenosine deaminase; ARV, anti-retroviral therapy; IQR, interquartile range; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PF, pericardial fluid; SD, standard deviation; WCC, white cell count.