Table 1.
Systems where VitD and RAS receptors are localized
| System | VitD | RAS |
|---|---|---|
| Endocrine | Thyroid | Thyroid |
| Parathyroid | ||
| Adrenal | ||
| Pancreatic beta cells | Pancreatic beta cells | |
| Posterior pituitary | ||
| Cardiovascular | Vascular smooth muscle cells | Vascular smooth muscle cells |
| Myocardium | Myocardium and myocardial mitochondria | |
| Endothelium | ||
| Connective tissue | ||
| Musculoskeletal | Striated muscle | Striated muscle |
| Osteoblasts | ||
| Chondrocytes | ||
| Gastrointestinal | Intestine | Intestine |
| Stomach | Stomach | |
| Esophagus | ||
| Salivary glands | ||
| Pancreas | Pancreas | |
| Colon | Colon | |
| Hepatic | Liver | Liver |
| Urinary | Kidney (tubules, juxtaglomerular apparatus, podocytes) | Kidney (tubule, juxtaglomerular apparatus, podocytes, mesangial cells) |
| Bladder | ||
| Reproductive | Testis | Testis |
| Ovary | Ovary | |
| Uterus | Uterus | |
| Spermatozoa | Spermatozoa | |
| Prostate | Prostate | |
| Immune | Leukocytes | Leukocytes |
| Bone marrow | Bone marrow | |
| Platelets | Platelets | |
| Spleen | ||
| Thymus | ||
| Respiratory | Lung | Lung |
| Integumentary | Epidermis | Epidermis |
| Dermis | Dermis | |
| Nervous system | Brain | Brain |
| Sensory neurons | Sensory neurons | |
| Other | White and brown adipose tissue | White and brown adipose tissue |
| Placenta | Placenta | |
| Mitochondria | Mitochondria |