Table 2.

List of top 5 up- and downregulated genes most affected by energy balance (negative vs. positive) in mammary quarters during intramammary challenge with S. uberis using IPA

Gene	Gene Name	Primary Functions	Fold Change
HLA-A	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	antigen presentation complex that binds to CD8 receptor on cytotoxic T cells	9.39
ACADS	acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain	catalyzes the initial step of the mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation pathway	1.66
HSPA2	heat shock 70 kDa protein 3	plays a role in anti-inflammatory response mechanisms; elicits apoptosis	1.64
HMOX1	heme oxygenase (decycling) 1	cleaves heme to form biliverdin; involved in iron ion binding; antiapoptotic; promotes cell survival	1.56
ANXA1	annexin A1/lipocortin1	phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity; potential anti-inflammatory activity; promotes lipolysis	1.52
GPR56	G protein-coupled receptor 56	G protein-coupled receptor activity; cell adhesion; metabolic process	1.45
SPARC	secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (osteonectin)	elicits changes in cell shape, inhibits cell-cycle progression, and influences synthesis of extracellular matrix	−1.90
AKT1	v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1	mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival; antiapoptotic properties	−1.70
JAK1	Janus kinase 1 (a protein tyrosine kinase)	involved in the interferon-α/β and -γ signal transduction pathways; involved in stat binding	−1.70
INSIG1	insulin induced gene 1, transcript variant 2	regulates cholesterol concentrations in cells; binds sterol-sensing domains of SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and HMG CoA reductase	−1.67
SDHD	succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein/succinate-Coq reductase	complex II of the respiratory chain, involved in the oxidation of succinate, carries electrons from FADH to CoQ; in citric acid cycle, oxidizes succinate to fumerate	−1.55

IPA, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.