Fig. 9.

Example of a SEF neuron representing subjective, not expected, value of gamble options. A: the value-dependent regression model (Eq. 4) was constructed using only the neuronal activities in the sure option trials. Black dots, the observed mean neuronal activities. Error bars indicate 1 SD. Gray triangles and gray line, the prediction of the regression model. B: subjective vs. expected value of the gambles estimated from the monkeys choices while the neuron was recorded. The monkey was risk-seeking. C and D: comparison between predicted and observed neuronal activity for gamble targets. Mean neuronal activities from gamble option trials were compared against predicted neuronal activities from the regression model using either expected value (C) or subjective value (D) of the gamble. Error bars indicate 1 SD. The neuron was more active than predicted based on the expected reward.