Table 2. Definition of vegetative phenology for all growth forms.

Vegetative phenology: Shrubs and dwarf shrubs
1	Leaf bud
2	Bursting bud
3	Recently burst leaf, light green
4	Completely burst leaf, young and light green
5	Darker green
6	Fully developed; dark green, thick leaves
7	Coloured leaves

Vegetative phenology was measured in two ways; in phenological stages for shrubs and dwarf shrubs, and as a continuous measure for graminoids and forbs. For shrubs and dwarf shrubs a branch defined by the lowermost branching point was used for measurements. For forbs and graminoids, an individual ramet was used for measurements.