Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of participants in phases three, four, and five1
|
Characteristic |
Phase three |
Phase four |
Phase five |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Item reduction |
Validity & reliability |
Temporal stability |
|
| |
N = 422 |
N = 422 |
N = 234 |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
|
Recruitment Site | |||
| Vancouver |
82 (19.4) |
64 (15.2) |
9 (3.8) |
| Calgary |
98 (23.2) |
61 (14.5) |
79 (33.8) |
| Winnipeg |
77 (18.3) |
112 (26.5) |
67 (28.6) |
| Hamilton |
86 (20.4) |
106 (25.1) |
79 (33.8) |
| Halifax |
79 (18.7) |
79 (18.7) |
0* |
|
Marital Status | |||
| Married |
281 (66.6) |
284 (67.3) |
168 (70.9) |
| Common-law |
49 (11.6) |
74 (17.5) |
35 (14.8) |
| Living with a partner |
10 (2.4) |
15 (3.6) |
13 (5.5) |
| Single (never married) |
30 (7.1) |
45 (10.7) |
16 (6.8) |
| Separated or divorced |
2 (0.5) |
1 (0.2) |
2 (0.8) |
|
Household Income | |||
| Below $10,000 |
21 (5.0) |
25 (5.9) |
13 (5.5) |
| $10,000 to $19,999 |
20 (4.7) |
40 (9.5) |
11 (4.6) |
| $20,000 to $39,999 |
43 (10.2) |
50 (11.8) |
29 (12.2) |
| $40,000 to $59,999 |
56 (13.3) |
65 (15.4) |
27 (11.4) |
| $60,000 to $79,999 |
70 (16.6) |
48 (11.4) |
33 (13.9) |
| $80,000 and above |
199 (47.2) |
179 (42.4) |
114 (48.1) |
|
Highest Level of Education | |||
| Less than high school |
35 (8.3) |
34 (8.0) |
16 (6.8) |
| Completed high school |
40 (9.5) |
54 (12.8) |
19 (8.0) |
| Some community college or technical school |
40 (9.5) |
31 (7.3) |
24 (10.1) |
| Completed community college or technical school |
93 (22.0) |
92 (21.8) |
41 (17.3) |
| Some university |
39 (9.2) |
39 (9.2) |
20 (8.4) |
| Completed bachelor’s degree |
122 (28.9) |
107 (25.4) |
77 (32.5) |
| Graduate degree |
52 (12.3) |
63 (14.9) |
36 (15.2) |
|
Racial/Ethnic Background | |||
| White |
316 (74.9) |
291 (69.0) |
174 (73.4) |
| Aboriginal |
14 (3.3) |
23 (5.5) |
17 (7.2) |
| Black |
13 (3.1) |
4 (0.9) |
3 (1.3) |
| Chinese |
18 (4.3) |
15 (3.6) |
9 (3.8) |
| Filipino |
18 (4.3) |
27 (6.4) |
4 (1.7) |
| Latin American |
8 (1.9) |
5 (1.2) |
5 (2.1) |
| South Asian |
13 (3.1) |
7 (1.7) |
6 (2.5) |
| Other |
18 (4.3) |
40 (9.5) |
16 (6.8) |
|
Born in Canada | |||
| Yes |
324 (76.8) |
318 (75.4) |
191 (80.6) |
| No |
92 (21.8) |
102 (24.2) |
42 (17.7) |
|
Language Spoken Most Often at Home | |||
| English |
352 (83.4) |
352 (83.4) |
205 (86.5) |
| French |
8 (1.9) |
5 (1.2) |
1 (0.4) |
| Chinese |
9 (2.1) |
7 (1.7) |
4 (1.7) |
| Tagalog (Filipino) |
3 (0.7) |
13 (3.1) |
2 (0.8) |
| Other |
32 (7.6) |
24 (5.7) |
13 (5.6) |
|
Prenatal Care Provider** |
|
|
|
| Family physician |
254 (60.0) |
253 (60.0) |
149 (62.9) |
| Obstetrician |
270 (64.0) |
281 (66.6) |
158 (66.7) |
| Midwife |
46 (11.0) |
39 (9.2) |
27 (11.4) |
| Nurse practitioner |
30 (7.0) |
56 (13.3) |
45 (19.0) |
|
Site of Prenatal Care | |||
| Private office |
211 (50.0) |
165 (39.1) |
73 (30.8) |
| Clinic |
175 (41.5) |
201 (47.6) |
87 (36.7) |
| Outpatient department of a hospital |
28 (6.6) |
42 (10.0) |
47 (19.8) |
|
Type of Delivery*** | |||
| Vaginal |
289 (68.5) |
318 (75.4) |
154 (65.0) |
| Planned C-section |
62 (14.7) |
47 (11.1) |
12 (5.1) |
| Unplanned C-section |
71 (16.8) |
55 (13.0) |
28 (11.8) |
|
Parity*** | |||
| Primipara |
169 (40.0) |
157 (37.2) |
113 (48.3) |
| Multipara |
239 (56.6) |
248 (58.8) |
103 (40.0) |
|
Maternal Health | |||
| Chronic health problem |
49 (11.6) |
37 (8.8) |
37 (15.6) |
| Complication during pregnancy |
104 (24.6) |
100 (23.7) |
39 (16.7) |
| Medical problem since delivery |
20 (4.7) |
18 (4.3) |
21 (8.9) |
|
Infant*** | |||
| Boy |
224 (53.1) |
194 (46.0) |
87 (36.7) |
| Girl |
198 (46.9) |
227 (53.8) |
106 (44.7) |
|
Variable |
Mean (SD) |
Mean (SD) |
Mean (SD) |
| Maternal age (years) |
30.2 (5.3) |
30.2 (5.1) |
29.7 (4.8) |
| Gestational age at first prenatal care visit (weeks) |
10.9 (9.0) |
10.6 (5.8) |
10.2 (5.4) |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks)*** |
39.2 (1.4) |
39.3 (2.0) |
39.6 (1.2) |
| Birth weight of infant (grams)*** | 3406.3 (544.3) | 3465.9 (496.3) | 3506.8 (472.2) |
1Missing responses were excluded from analyses.
*Halifax did not participate in Phase Five of the study.
**Percentages reported for prenatal care providers do not add to 100 as women were instructed to check off all that applied.
***In Phase Five, responses for these items are reported for Time 2 participants (n = 194 postpartum women).