Table 4.
Factors which are associated with willingness to join community based health insurances in Debub Bench, 2013
|
Variables |
Freq (%) |
WTJ |
P-value |
Crude OR |
Adjusted OR [95% CI] |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (%) | No (%) | |||||
| Demographic variables |
|
|||||
| Age |
|
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
.000 |
1.035 |
.943 [.914, .974] |
|
Relationship |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
.007 |
|
|
| Head* |
654 (80.9) |
519 (79) |
135 (21) |
|
|
|
| Spouse |
132 (16.3) |
97 (73) |
35 (27) |
.042 |
.721 |
.410 [.174, .967] |
| Others |
22 (2.7) |
13 (59) |
9 (41) |
.015 |
.376 |
18.523 [1.762, 194.6] |
|
Religion† |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
.869 |
|
|
| Protestant* |
550 (68.1) |
431 (78) |
119 (22) |
|
|
|
| Orthodox |
199 (24.6) |
160 (80) |
39 (20) |
.936 |
1.133 |
.965 [.410, 2.275] |
| Muslim |
41 (5.1) |
24 (58) |
17 (42) |
.957 |
.390 |
1.042 [.233, 4.650] |
| Others |
18 (2.2) |
14 (78) |
4 (22) |
.406 |
.996 |
2.056 [.375, 11.262] |
|
Marital status |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
.019 |
|
|
| Monogamous* |
573 (70.9) |
458 (80) |
115 (20) |
|
|
|
| Polygamous |
101(12.5) |
84 (83) |
17 (17) |
.061 |
1.241 |
.409 [.160, 1.043] |
| Single |
55 (6.8) |
25 (45) |
30 (55) |
.002 |
.209 |
.123 [.032, .474] |
| Widowers |
24 (3.0) |
19 (79) |
5 (21) |
.996 |
.954 |
.996 [.171, 5.814] |
| Divorced |
55 (6.8) |
43 (78) |
12 (22) |
.929 |
.900 |
.950 [.304, 2.971] |
|
Occupations |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
.000 |
|
|
| Farmers* |
615 (76.1) |
501 (81) |
114 (19) |
|
|
|
| Housewives |
113 (14.0) |
87 (77) |
26 (23) |
.000 |
.761 |
11.917 [4.017, 35.357] |
| Merchants |
36 (4.5) |
19 (53) |
17 (47) |
.769 |
.254 |
.821 [.221, 3.046] |
| Students |
30 (3.7) |
14 (47) |
16 (53) |
.443 |
.199 |
.521 [.098, 2.760] |
| Others |
14 (1.7) |
8 (57) |
6 (43) |
.025 |
.303 |
.088 [.011, .738] |
|
Ethnicity |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
.000 |
|
|
| Bench* |
519 (64.2) |
404 (78) |
115 (22) |
|
|
|
| Amhara |
116 (14.4) |
88 (76) |
28 (24) |
.341 |
.895 |
1.557 [.626, 3.875] |
| Kaffa |
64 (8.0) |
41 (64) |
23 (36) |
.000 |
.507 |
.184 [.072, .468] |
| Others |
109 (13.5) |
96 (88) |
13 (12) |
.004 |
2.102 |
5.306 [1.682, 16.733] |
| Total family size |
|
|
|
.000 |
|
1.691 [1.363, 2.099] |
| Socioeconomic variables | ||||||
|
Educational-status |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
.001 |
|
|
| No education* |
388 (48.0) |
316 (81) |
72 (19) |
|
|
|
| Read & write only |
221 (27.3) |
176 (80) |
45 (20) |
.045 |
.891 |
2.134 [1.017, 4.479] |
| Grade 1-8 |
178 (22.0) |
124 (70) |
54 (30) |
.007 |
.523 |
.321 [.140, .738] |
| Sec and above |
21 (2.6) |
13 (62) |
8 (38) |
.864 |
.370 |
1.205 [.143, 10.161] |
|
Wealth quintile |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
.002 |
|
|
| Low wealth quintile |
70 (8.7) |
48 (69) |
22 (31) |
.451 |
.778 |
1.559 [.492, 4.938] |
| Second wealth quintile* |
255 (31.6) |
188 (74) |
67 (26) |
|
|
|
| Middle wealth quintile |
164 (20.3) |
124 (76) |
40 (24) |
.082 |
1.105 |
.481 [.211, 1.097] |
| Fourth wealth quintile |
125 (15.5) |
94 (75) |
31 (25) |
.375 |
1.081 |
.672 [.279, 1.618] |
| Highest wealth quintile |
194 (24.0) |
175 (90) |
19 (10) |
.003 |
3.282 |
4.203 [1.616,10.931] |
|
Annual income |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
.003 |
|
|
| Less than 1100 birr |
198 (24.5) |
133 (67) |
65 (33) |
.008 |
.470 |
.475 [.274, .823] |
| 1100-4300 birr* |
409 (50.6) |
326 (80) |
83 (20) |
|
|
|
| More than 4300 birr |
201 (24.9) |
170 (85) |
31 (15) |
.180 |
1.768 |
1.500 [.830, 2.712] |
| Participation in risk sharing organizations | ||||||
| No. of risky to become ill† |
|
|
|
.887 |
1.322 |
.980 [.780, 1.300] |
|
Iddir participation |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
|
|
|
| Yes* |
747 (92.5) |
603 (81) |
144 (19) |
|
|
|
| No |
61 (7.5) |
26 (43) |
35 (57) |
.139 |
|
.427 [.138, 1.320] |
| Social capital | ||||||
|
Indiv level hor trust |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
.000 |
|
|
| Low |
233 (28.8) |
144 (62) |
89 (38) |
.000 |
.339 |
.064 [.025, .165] |
| Middle* |
456 (56.4) |
377 (83) |
79 (17) |
|
|
|
| High |
119 (14.7) |
108 (91) |
11 (9) |
.238 |
2.057 |
2.284 [.580, 9.000] |
|
Indiv level reciprocity |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
.050 |
|
|
| Low |
222 (27.5) |
136 (61) |
86 (39) |
.952 |
.341 |
.975 [.435, 2.187] |
| Middle* |
451 (55.8) |
371 (82) |
80 (18) |
|
|
|
| High |
135 (16.7) |
122 (90) |
13 (10) |
.015 |
2.024 |
4.959 [1.362, 18.052] |
|
Commun level hor trust |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
|
|
|
| High |
158 (19.6) |
146 (92) |
12 (8) |
.000 |
4.207 |
25.233 [6.355, 100.195] |
| Low* |
650 (80.4) |
483 (74) |
167 (26) |
|
|
|
| Health and health related variables | ||||||
|
Health status of the HH |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
.000 |
. |
|
| Very poora |
50 (6.2) |
48 (96) |
2 (4) |
.996 |
4.546 |
|
| Poor |
166 (20.5) |
145 (87) |
21 (13) |
.456 |
1.308 |
1.391 [.584, 3.315] |
| Medium* |
270 (33.4) |
227 (84) |
43 (16) |
|
|
|
| High |
224 (27.8) |
159 (71) |
65 (29) |
.012 |
.463 |
.381 [.179, .811] |
| Very high |
98 (12.1) |
50 (51) |
48 (49) |
.000 |
.197 |
.165 [.068, .402] |
| Member with chronic illness† |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
|
|
|
| Yes |
61 (7.5) |
57 (93) |
4 (7) |
.476 |
4.360 |
1.563 [.458, 5.337] |
| No* |
747 (92.5) |
572 (77) |
175 (23) |
|
|
|
| Illness in prev 3 months† |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
|
|
|
| No* |
558 (69.0) |
404 (72) |
154 (28) |
|
|
|
| Yes |
250 (31.0) |
225 (90) |
25 (10) |
.817 |
3.431 |
1.182 [.287, 4.869] |
| Seeking medical treatment† |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
|
|
|
| Yes* |
231(28.6) |
212 (92) |
19 (8) |
|
|
|
| No |
577 (71.4) |
417 (72) |
160 (28) |
.231 |
0.194 |
6.338 [.308, 130.434] |
| Borrow for treatment |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
|
|
|
| No* |
530 (65.6) |
381 (72) |
149 (28) |
|
|
|
| Yes |
278 (34.4) |
248 (89) |
30 (11) |
.004 |
3.233 |
2.836 [1.403, 5.730] |
| Time to HF (in minutes) |
808 (100) |
629 (78) |
179 (22) |
.001 |
.991 |
.983 [.973, .992] |
| Constant | .340 | 2.355 | ||||
Note: *reference categories with highest frequency †variables which were significant in bivariate analysis but removed when the confounders are controlled in the multivariate logistic regression.
aWildly improbable odds ratio.