Table 1.

Descriptive Categories of Landin's Modified Trauma Levels^a

Descriptives indicating mild trauma

Falling onto the ground from standing height or less (<0.5 m)

Falling onto a resilient surface (eg, rubber, grass, or sand) from 0.5 m to 3 m

Falling from a bed or couch

Playing injuries including playground scuffles

Falling while moving at slow speed on a scooter, skateboard, skis, rollerblades, or skates

Lower-energy collisions with an object moving at slow speed

Lower-energy sport injuries (eg, basketball and soccer)

Descriptives indicating moderate trauma

Falling onto concrete or other nonresilient surface from 0.5 m to 3 m

Falling onto another person resulting in a moderate-energy collision

Falling from a bunk bed

Falling down stairs

Falling from a bicycle or horseback

Falling from a swing or slide or similar playground equipment

Falling while moving at fast speed on a scooter, skateboard, skis, rollerblades, or skates

Moderate-energy collisions with an object moving at fast speed

Moderate-energy collisions between two moving objects (eg, football and hockey)

Descriptives indicating severe trauma

Falling from a height exceeding 3 m (~10 feet)

Traffic accidents

Being hit by a moving heavy object

^aAdapted from Clark and colleagues.⁽¹¹⁾