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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 29.
Published in final edited form as: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013 Apr 12;149(2):304–311. doi: 10.1177/0194599813486081

Table 5.

Change in QOL 3 months after VPI treatment

Baseline mean (95% CI) Three Month mean(95% CI) p-valuea Effect Sizeb
VELO Parent Total (n=29) 54 (48 – 60) 70.2 (63 – 76) <0.001 1.1
 speech limitation 41 (34 – 49) 65 (56 – 73) <0.001 1.3
 swallowing 87 (79 – 93) 95 (90 – 99) <0.005 0.4
 situational difficulty 32 (30 –39) 53 (43 – 62) <0.001 1.1
 emotional impact 64 (55 – 72) 75 (67 – 83) <0.005 0.5
 perception by others 72 (64 – 80) 78 (69 – 86) 0.10 0.3
 caregiver impact 52 (45 – 59) 70 (63 – 77) <0.001 1.0
VELO Youth Total (n=5) 60 (31 – 89) 81 (61 – 101) 0.02 0.9
 speech limitation 41 (12 – 70) 74 (56 – 92) 0.02 1.4
 swallowing 95 (86 – 104) 100 (100 – 100) 0.21 0.7
 situational difficulty 51 (19 – 83) 81 (55 – 108) 0.05 1.2
 emotional impact 65 (13 – 118) 79 (32 – 126) 0.12 0.3
 perception by others 75 (30 – 120) 81 (64 – 99) 0.62 0.2
PVOS (n=29) 63 (57 – 72) 75 (70 – 81) <0.001 0.6
PVRQOL (n=29) 75 (70 – 82) 83 (78 – 89) 0.002 0.5
a

paired t-test.

b

Effect size (Cohen’s “d”) = change / baseline SD