TABLE 2.
Demographics of Patients Delivering at High-level and Other Delivery Hospitals, Pennsylvania, California, and Missouri, 1995–2005
| Pennsylvania | California | Missouri | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-level NICU | Other Delivery Hospital | Δ/SDa | High-level NICU | Other Delivery Hospital | Δ/SDa | High-level NICU | Other Delivery Hospital | Δ/SDa | |
| Differential travel time, min | 6.97 | 21.81 | −0.84 | 3.41 | 14.55 | −0.59 | 15.04 | 40.15 | −0.60 |
| Birth weight, g | 2474 | 2725 | −0.34 | 2527 | 2804 | −0.33 | 2657 | 2873 | −0.29 |
| Gestational age, wk | 34.7 | 35.7 | −0.39 | 35.3 | 35.6 | −0.17 | 34.8 | 35.4 | −0.24 |
| Race | |||||||||
| White | 64.50% | 77.90% | −0.29 | 63.52% | 65.24% | −0.04 | 77.88% | 75.61% | 0.05 |
| Black | 22.20% | 9.30% | 0.35 | 9.29% | 5.84% | 0.13 | 18.61% | 21.88% | −0.08 |
| Asian | 1.30% | 1.10% | 0.02 | 9.70% | 9.00% | 0.02 | 2.16% | 1.68% | 0.04 |
| Other | 3.00% | 3.40% | −0.02 | 15.74% | 18.40% | −0.07 | 0.72% | 0.68% | 0.00 |
| Insurance status | |||||||||
| FFS | 19.50% | 22.80% | −0.08 | 2.94% | 5.26% | −0.12 | 27.96% | 27.98% | 0.00 |
| HMO | 37.80% | 34.60% | 0.07 | 49.08% | 39.01% | 0.20 | 28.86% | 21.13% | 0.18 |
| Public | 31.80% | 29.70% | 0.05 | 44.20% | 50.83% | −0.13 | 37.17% | 41.63% | −0.09 |
| Other | 9.40% | 10.50% | −0.04 | 0.87% | 1.13% | −0.03 | 2.71% | 6.48% | −0.17 |
| Uninsured | 1.20% | 1.70% | −0.04 | 2.89% | 3.72% | −0.05 | 3.04% | 2.60% | 0.03 |
| Singleton birth | 80.60% | 86.50% | −0.16 | 88.23% | 91.94% | −0.12 | 85.70% | 90.98% | −0.17 |
| SGA | 16.90% | 15.20% | 0.05 | 11.39% | 8.69% | 0.09 | 14.14% | 10.92% | 0.10 |
| Maternal comorbid conditions and complications of pregnancy | |||||||||
| Comorbid conditions | |||||||||
| Chronic HTN | 2.00% | 1.17% | 0.07 | 1.17% | 0.75% | 0.04 | 1.81% | 1.22% | 0.05 |
| Gestational diabetes | 5.49% | 4.85% | 0.03 | 6.18% | 4.74% | 0.06 | 5.08% | 4.05% | 0.05 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2.13% | 1.40% | 0.05 | 1.50% | 0.78% | 0.07 | 1.72% | 1.12% | 0.05 |
| Renal disease | 0.33% | 0.24% | 0.02 | 0.18% | 0.14% | 0.01 | 0.32% | 0.20% | 0.03 |
| Congenital heart disease | 0.16% | 0.05% | 0.03 | 0.06% | 0.03% | 0.01 | 0.08% | 0.05% | 0.01 |
| Complications of pregnancy | |||||||||
| Preterm labor | 48.65% | 39.79% | 0.18 | 30.34% | 21.29% | 0.21 | 37.58% | 26.50% | 0.24 |
| PIH | 12.14% | 8.25% | 0.13 | 7.83% | 5.58% | 0.08 | 10.16% | 8.33% | 0.06 |
| PROM | 20.85% | 14.86% | 0.16 | 11.14% | 8.98% | 0.06 | 16.45% | 10.45% | 0.18 |
| Oligohydramnios | 4.61% | 3.02% | 0.08 | 3.87% | 2.26% | 0.09 | 5.69% | 3.43% | 0.11 |
| Disorders of placentation | 6.57% | 4.57% | 0.09 | 4.57% | 3.42% | 0.05 | 5.69% | 3.91% | 0.09 |
FFS, fee for service; HMO, health maintenance organization; SGA, small for gestational age; HTN, hypertension; PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension; PROM, premature rupture of membranes.
a
Δ/SD is the standardized difference between the high-level NICU and other delivery hospital groups for a specific variable, defined as (difference in means between 2 groups of patients) ÷ (SD of entire cohort). A value <0.20 is considered adequate balance between groups.