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. 2014 Jul 5;24(4):304–311. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20130149

Table 1. Descriptive statistics for the subjects.

Characteristic Total (n = 7249) Males (n = 3634) Female (n = 3615) P



n % n % n %
Age (mean ± SD) 12.3 ± 0.52 12.3 ± 0.49 12.2 ± 0.54 0.004
Body mass index (mean ± SD) 19.4 ± 3.71 19.5 ± 4.04 19.2 ± 3.35 0.039
Family structure Parents and grandparent(s) 4184 57.7 2091 57.5 2093 57.9 0.228
Two parents 2673 36.9 1340 36.9 1333 36.9  
Single parent 252 3.5 112 3.1 140 3.9  
Missing 140 1.9 91 2.5 49 1.4  
Father’s employment Full time 6651 91.8 3348 92.1 3303 91.4 0.434
Part time 31 0.4 17 0.5 14 0.4  
Not employed 61 0.8 26 0.7 35 1.0  
Missing 506 7.0 243 6.7 263 7.3  
Mother’s employment Full time 3710 51.2 1844 50.7 1866 51.6 0.424
Part time 2182 30.1 1108 30.5 1074 29.7  
Not employed 1023 14.1 498 13.7 525 14.5  
Missing 334 4.6 184 5.1 150 4.1  
Siblings Yes 6623 91.4 3301 90.8 3322 91.9 0.957
No 494 6.8 244 6.7 250 6.9  
Missing 132 1.8 89 2.4 43 1.2  
Frequency of breakfast Very often 6306 87.0 3210 88.3 3096 85.6 0.000
Often 590 8.1 250 6.9 340 9.4  
Sometimes 205 2.8 91 2.5 114 3.2  
Seldom 72 1.0 38 1.0 37 1.0  
Missing 73 1.0 45 1.2 28 0.8  
Frequency of physical activity Very often 1698 23.4 1096 30.2 602 16.7 0.000
Often 3120 43.0 1661 45.7 1459 40.4  
Occasionally 2017 27.8 732 20.1 1285 35.5  
Never 310 4.3 88 2.4 222 6.1  
Missing 104 1.4 57 1.6 47 1.3  
Amount of sleep <7 hours 1363 18.8 547 15.1 816 22.6 0.000
7–8 hours 3161 43.6 1485 40.9 1676 46.4  
8–9 hours 2116 29.2 1215 33.4 901 24.9  
>9 hours 512 7.1 325 8.9 187 5.2  
Missing 97 1.3 62 1.7 35 1.0  

SD, standard deviation.