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. 2014 Apr 23;6(2):969–997. doi: 10.3390/cancers6020969

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Histological similarities and structural differences between lymph nodes and TLS. (A) Both lymph nodes and TLS contain the same cell populations and high endothelial venules (HEV). On the left, a schematic of lymph node structure highlighting B and T cell zones is shown. Each zone contains resident cell populations that upon antigen presentation by follicular dendritic cells (FDC) or DC, and subsequent activation, undergo clonal expansion. Expanded B cell populations form a germinal center (GC). On the right, a TLS schematic showing individual cells aggregating which mimics lymph node histological structure is shown. B cells in this case will also clonally expand and form germinal centers after antigenic stimulation. Structural differences are highlighted; lymph nodes are encapsulated and connected to the lymphatic system via afferent and efferent lymph vessels while a TLS forms within a chronically-inflamed tissue and lymph vessel formation may eventually occur [6]; (B) Tissue specimen of TLS structures seen in tuberculosis infection. The left is an H&E stain; the right is an immunoflourescence image staining for CD3+ T cells and CD21+IgD+ B cells [7].