In vivo comparison of imaging reporters. Mice were contralaterally implanted with 2 Matrigel suspensions of cells expressing either reporter or negative control gene (luciferase) in upper flanks. Luciferase was not used for imaging but as a control gene. After 48 h, each radiotracer was injected and uptake was quantified from regions of interest drawn around the reporter, luciferase control, and muscle. Graphs illustrate time–activity curves for respective reporter-probe systems in the Matrigel suspension model for HSV-sr39tk:18F-FHBG (A), hNIS:125I (C), and PSMA:18F-DCFPyL (E) and reporter-derived signal-to-control and signal-to-muscle ratios for HSV-sr39tk (B), hNIS (D), and PSMA (F) systems, as well as comparison of peak signal-to-noise ratios of each reporter-probe pair (G). Data are mean ± SE of mean of 4 animals. *P < 0.05.