Table 1.
Examples of different measles viruses used for oncolysis including virus modification used for enhanced oncolytic activity/specificity, virus strain and studied tumors/tumor cell lines.
| Virus modification | Virus strain | Tumor/tumor cell line | in vitro | in vivo | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measles virus without modification | Edmonston | human myeloma: ARH-77 cells, RPMI 8226 cells, JJN-3 cells, MM1 cells, KAS-6/1 cells, KMS-11 cells; primary myeloma cells; |
x | x | [105] | |
| Edmonston | human ovarian carcinoma: SKOV3ip.1 cells; human fibrosarcoma: HT1080 cells; human epithelial lung carcinoma: A549 cells; |
x | n.d. | [49] | ||
| Edmonston Moraten |
human ovarian carcinoma: OV202 cells, OV207 cells, SKOV3ip.1 cells; | x | x | [148] | ||
| Edmonston-Zagreb | human T-cell lymphoma: SeAx cells, HUT 78 cells, MyLa cells; cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL); |
x | x | [149] | ||
| Schwarz | human mesothelioma: M11 cells, M13 cells, M31 cells, M47 cells, M56 cells, M61 cells; | x | n.d. | [110] | ||
| Not detailed | human B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): 697 cells, Nalm-6 cells, SEM cells, REH cells; human Burkitt's lymphoma: Raji cells, Daudi cells; human T cell leukemia: Jurkat cells; primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and ALL cells; |
x | x | [150] | ||
| CAM-70; Schwarz MV wild-type: MV190112 |
human B cell lymphoma: BJAB cells; BJAB cells; marmoset B-lymphoblastoid: B95-8 cells; human Burkitt’s lymphoma: Akata cells, BL-41 cells, BL-41/cells, Daudi cells, Mutu cells, Jijoye cells, Namalwa cells, P3HR-1 cells, Raji cells, BLCL cells, LMP1-transduced: BJAB LMP1 cells; |
x | n.d. | [151] | ||
| ß-galactosidase reporter gene (MVIacZ) | Edmonston | human lymphoma: DoHH2 cells, Raji cells; | x | x | [106] | |
| CEA | Edmonston | human myeloma: RPMI 8226 cells; human fibrosarcoma: HT1080 cells; |
n.d. | x | [135] | |
| Not detailed | human ovarian carcinoma: OV202 cells, OV207 cells, SKOV3ip.1 cells; | x | x | [148] | ||
| Edmonston | human breast cancer: MDA-MB-231 cells, SkBr3 cells, MCF7 cells; | x | x | [152] | ||
| Edmonston | human hepatocellular carcinoma: Hep-3B cells, HUH-7 cells; | x | x | [136] | ||
| Not detailed | human histiocytic lymphoma: U-937 cells; human Burkitt's lymphoma: Raji cells; human myeloma: KAS-6/1 cells; human ovarian carcinoma: SKOV3ip.1 cells; human hepatocellular carcinoma: HUH-7 cells; |
x | x | [153] | ||
| Not detailed | human malignant glioma: U87 cells, U251 cells; primary glioblastoma multiforme: GBM12 cells; |
x | x | [114] | ||
| Edmonston-NSe | human breast cancer: MDA-MB-231 cells; human ovarian carcinoma: SKOV3ip.1 cells; human cerebellar medulloblastoma: TE671 cells; |
x | n.d. | [154] | ||
| Edmonston | human prostate cancer: PC-3 cells, DU-145 cells, LNCaP cells; | x | x | [155] | ||
| Edmonston | human ovarian carcinoma: SKOV3ip.1 cells; human ovarian carcinoma; |
x | Phase I clinical trial | [156] | ||
| Edmonston | human hepatoblastoma (HB): Hep2G cells, HUH6 cells; | x | x | [24] | ||
| Not detailed | human glioblastoma: GBM6 cells; primary human glioblastoma cells; |
x | x | [157] | ||
| Not detailed | human ovarian carcinoma: SKOV3ip.1 cells; | x | x | [158] | ||
| Edmonston | human ovarian carcinoma: SKOV3ip.1 cells, IGROV1 cells; OV202 cells; | x | x | [159] | ||
| Single chain anti-body | CD38 | Edmonston | human fibrosarcoma: HT1080 cells; | x | x | [121] |
| Edmonston | human glioblastoma: U118 MGcells; human erythroleukemia: K562 cells; human Burkitt’s lymphoma: Raji cells, Ramos cells; human ovarian carcinoma: SKOV3ip.1 cells; |
x | x | [115] | ||
| CD20 | Replicating MV | human fibrosarcoma: HT1080 cells; | x | x | [122] | |
| HER2/neu | Not detailed | human ovarian carcinoma: SKOV3ip.1 cells; human medulloblastoma: TE671 cells; |
x | n.d. | [160] | |
| EGFRvIII | Edmonston | human glioblastoma: U118 MG cells; human erythroleukemia: K562 cells; human Burkitt’s lymphoma: Raji cells, Ramos cells; human ovarian carcinoma: SKOV3ip.1 cells; |
x | x | [115] | |
| Edmonston-NSe | human glioblastoma: U118 cells; primary glioblastoma: GBM6 cells, GBM14 cells, GBM39 cells; |
x | x | [161] | ||
| PSMA | Edmonston | human prostate cancer: LNCaP cells, PC3 cells; human T cell leukemia: Jurkat cells; human Burkitt’s lymphoma: Raji cells; human multiple myeloma: KAS 6/1 cells |
x | x | [162] | |
| CD133 | Not detailed | Human fibrosarcoma: HT1080 cells; Human hepatocellular: HuH7 cells; Primary glioblastoma: NCH644 cells; |
x | x | [51] | |
| GM-CSF | Not detailed | human Burkitt’s lymphoma: Raji cells; | x | x | [144] | |
| NIS | Edmonston | human ovarian carcinoma: SKOV3ip.1 cells, IGROV1 cells; OV202 cells; | x | x | [159] | |
| Edmonston | Human multiple myeloma: ARH 77 cells, KAS 6/1 cells, MM1 cells; primary myeloma cells; | x | x | [53] | ||
| Not detailed | human glioblastoma: GBM6 cells; primary human glioblastoma cells; |
x | x | [157] | ||
| Edmonston | human multiple myeloma: KAS-6/1 cells; | n.d. | x | [163] | ||
| Edmonston | human hepatocellular carcinoma: Hep-3B cells, HUH-7 cells; | x | x | [136] | ||
| Edmonston | human pancreatic cancer: BxPC-3 cells, MiaPaCa-2 cells, Panc-1 cells; | x | x | [164] | ||
| Edmonston | human prostate cancer: PC-3 cells, DU-145 cells, LNCaP cells; | x | x | [165] | ||
| Not detailed | human multiple myeloma: MM1 cells, KAS-6/1 cells; | x | x | [166] | ||
| Not detailed | human pancreatic cancer: BxPC-3 cells; | x | x | [167] | ||
| Edmonston | human ovarian carcinoma: SKOV3ip.1 cells; human multiple myeloma: KAS6/1 cells; |
x | x | [168] | ||
| Edmonston | human malignant glioma: U87 cells, U251 cells; human primary glioblastoma: GBM6 cells, GBM10 cells, GBM12 cells, GBM39 cells, GBM43 cells, GBM44 cells; |
x | x | [169] | ||
| Edmonston | human head oral squamous cell carcinoma: SCC-25 cells, SCC-15 cells; anaplastic human thyroid carcinoma: SW579 cells; human hypopharyngeal carcinoma: FaDu cells; |
x | x | [170] | ||
| Edmonston | human medulloblastoma: D283med cells, UW426 cells; | x | x | [54] | ||
| Edmonston | human head and neck cancer: HN3 cells, HN5 cells, PJ41 cells; human colorectal cancer: HCT116 cells; |
x | x | [171] | ||
| NIS | Edmonston | human endometrial cancer: HEC-1-A cells, Ishikawa cells, KLE cells, RL95-2 cells, AN3CA cells; ARK-1 cells, ARK-2 cells, SPEC-2 cells; | x | x | [172] | |
| Edmonston B | human T-cell lymphoma: SeAx cells, MyLa2059 cells, HUT78 cells; | x | x | [173] | ||
| Human IL-13 at the C-terminus of the H-protein | Not detailed | human malignant glioma: U87, U118, U251 cells; | x | x | [174] | |
| MMP | Edmonston B–based parental MV strain (NSe) | human fibrosarcoma: HT1080 cells; human glioblastoma: U87mg cells; human liver resection material with primary and secondary tumors; |
x | n.d. | [128] | |
| Not detailed | human fibrosarcoma: HT1080 cells; | x | x | [125] | ||
| αVβ3-integrin targeted (RGD or echistatin domains) | Edmonston | multiple myeloma xenografts; | x | x | [175] | |
| Not detailed | human multiple myeloma: KAS6/1 cells; | x | x | [176] | ||
| Human light immunoglobulin chain reporter gene | Edmonston | Human multiple myeloma: ARH-77 cells, KAS 6/1 cells; human T cell leukemia: Jurkat cells; |
x | x | [177] | |
| NAP | Edmonston | human breast cancer: MCF-7 cells, MDA-MB-231 cells; | x | x | [178] | |
| Suicide gene SCD/FCU-1 | Not detailed | human ovarian carcinoma: OAW42 cells, SKOV3 cells; primary human ovarian carcinoma cells; |
x | n.d. | [179] | |
| Edmonston B | human melanoma: A375M, Mel888, pMelL, and SK-MEL-28 cells; | x | x | [140] | ||
| Schwarz | human cholangiocarcinoma: RBE, HuCCT1, TFK-1 cells; | x | x | [141] | ||
| Not detailed | Primary murine and rhesus macaque hepatocytes; | x | x | [143] | ||
| Mérieux | Human cholangiocarcinoma: HuCCT-1 cells; Human hepatocellular carcinoma: Hep3B cells; Human colorectal adenocarcinoma: HCT116 and HCT15 cells; |
x | n.d. | [180] | ||
| DARPins | EGFR | Edmonston | human adenocarcinoma: AU565 cells, SK-Br-3; human breast ductal carcinoma: BT-474 cells, MCF-7 cells; human colon adenocarcinoma: Caco-2 cells, HT-29 cells, SW-620; human fibrosarcoma: HT1080 cells; human ovarian carcinoma: SK-OV-3 cells; human malignant glioma: U87mg cells; |
x | x | [181] |
| Her2/neu | ||||||
| EpCAM | ||||||
| MicroRNA-sensitive (containing target sites for microRNA-7 in the 3' untranslated region of the viral fusion gene) | Edmonston-B vaccine lineage | human malignant glioma: U87 cells; primary human brain tissue from the peripheral invasion front of a glioma resection; |
x | x | [134] | |
CD, cluster of differentiation; DARPins, designed ankyrin repeat proteins; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; HER2/neu, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; IL, interleukin; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; MV, measles virus; MV-H/hEGF, measles virus H glycoprotein-human epidermal growth factor hybridprotein; n.d., not done; NIS, human thyroidal sodium iodide symporter; PSMA, prostate-specific membrane antigen; SCD, super cytosine deaminase; not detailed, used measles virus strain was not further specified in the Materials and Methods section of the publication.