Table 1.
Characteristics of Medicare beneficiaries with 12-month episodes of care for CHF, COPD, and DM in 2008–09
| CHF | COPD | DM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) of beneficiaries, total | 53,488 (100) | 76,520 (100) | 166,654 (100) |
| Number (%) of beneficiaries, by age | |||
| 65–74 | 15,985 (30) | 33,418 (44) | 80,262 (48) |
| 75–84 | 21,851 (41) | 30,382 (40) | 64,136 (38) |
| 85+ | 15,652 (30) | 12,720 (17) | 22,256 (13) |
| Number (%) of beneficiaries, by gender | |||
| Female | 28,653 (54) | 41,685 (54) | 88,565 (53) |
| Male | 24,835 (46) | 34,835 (46) | 78,089 (47) |
| Number (%) of beneficiaries, by race/ethnicity | |||
| Unknown | 47 (0) | 46 (0) | 128 (0) |
| White | 46,405 (87) | 68,637 (90) | 137,648 (83) |
| Black | 4999 (9) | 5001 (7) | 18,700 (11) |
| Other | 449 (1) | 673 (1) | 2873 (2) |
| Asian | 489 (1) | 706 (1) | 2769 (2) |
| Hispanic | 896 (2) | 1109 (1) | 3681 (2) |
| North American Native | 203 (0) | 348 (0) | 855 (1) |
| Number (%) of beneficiaries, by Census region | |||
| Midwest | 13,606 (25) | 19,269 (25.18) | 40,164 (24) |
| Northeast | 11,075 (21) | 14,314 (19) | 34,131 (21) |
| Other | 228 (0) | 238 (0) | 1299 (1) |
| South | 21,025 (39) | 32,109 (41.96) | 66,934 (40) |
| West | 7554 (14) | 10,590 (14) | 24,123 (14) |
| Number (%) of beneficiaries, by metro status | |||
| Does not live in MSA | 12,674 (24) | 18,781 (25) | 35,904 (22) |
| Lives in MSA | 40,577 (76) | 57,484 (75) | 129,406 (78) |
| Unknown/other | 228 (0) | 255 (0) | 1344 (1) |
| Number (%) of beneficiaries with an episode for >1 condition (DM, CHF, COPD) | 31,071 (58%) | 32,485 (42%) | 39,225 (24%) |
| Number (%) of beneficiaries, by Medicaid enrollment | |||
| Enrolled | 9987 (19) | 13,009 (17) | 25,738 (15) |
| Not enrolled | 43,501 (81) | 63,511 (83) | 140,916 (85) |
| Number (%) of beneficiaries, by median ZCTA Household Income, 2000 ($) (IQR) | 39,864 (34,778, 47,603) | 39,685 (34,623, 46,956) | 40,029 (35,042, 48,397) |
| Median HCC Score (IQR) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.3) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.9) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) |
| Median number of E&M visits per episode (IQR)* | 7 (4, 11) | 5 (3, 8) | 6 (4, 10) |
| Number (%) of beneficiaries, by PCP visit | |||
| Yes | 48,677 (91) | 71,493 (93) | 152,714 (92) |
| No | 4811 (9) | 5027 (7) | 13,940 (8) |
| Mean Bice-Boxerman Continuity of Care Index (SD) | 0.55 (0.31) | 0.60 (0.34) | 0.50 (0.32) |
*
visits to PCPs and Frequent Providers
ZCTA = zip code tabulation area. IQR = interquartile range. E&M = evaluation and management. PCP = primary care provider. MSA = metropolitan statistical area. DM = diabetes mellitus. CHF = congestive heart failure. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. SD = standard deviation. HCC = hierarchical condition category.