Table 2.
Circulating miRNAs as diagnostic markers for MI.
| miRNAs | Regulation | Groups | Source | Methods | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-1 | Up | Human/31 STEM, 20 controls | Serum | qRT-PCR | [91] |
| Rat/12 | Array | ||||
| miR-1 | Up | Human/93 MI, 66 controls | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [92] |
| miR-1, -133, -208b, -499 | Up | Human/32 AMI, 36 atypical chest pain, | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [98] |
| miR-1, -133a | Up | Human/29 AMI, 49 non-acute subjects | Serum | qRT-PCR | [112] |
| miR-1, -133a/b, -499-5p | Up | Human/33 MI, 17 controls | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [76] |
| miR-122, -375 | Down | Mouse/5 | |||
| miR-1, -133a, -208a, -499-5p | Up | Human/25 STEMI, 11 controls Pig/6 | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [104] |
| miR-1, -133a, -423-5p, -499-5p, -21 | Up | Human/92 NSTEMI, 81 CHF, 99 controls | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [117] |
| miR-1 | Down 2-d post-MI, up 5-d post-MI, elevated up to 90-d post-MI | Human/12 post-MI, 12 controls | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [111] |
| miR-21 | Down 2-d post-MI, up 5-d post-MI | ||||
| miR-208a, -133a | Up 5-d post-MI, elevated up to 90-d post-MI | ||||
| miR-1, -133a/b, -208b | Up in STEMI-NSTEMI versus UA | Human/444 ACS (196 STEMI, 131 NSTEMI, 117 UA) | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [105] |
| miR-1, -133a/b | Down | Human/50 MI, 8 controls, 9 fetuses | Heart tissue | qRT-PCR | [100] |
| miR-208 | Up | ||||
| miR-1, -133, -208b, -499 | Up | Human/33 MI, 16 CAD non-MI, 17 others CVD, 30 controls | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [103] |
| Rat/18 | |||||
| miR-208a | Overexpression | Mouse/16 Tg, 8 miR-208a+/+, | Heart | qRT-PCR | [102] |
| 10 miR-208a−/−, 11 controls | |||||
| miR-21 | Down in infarcted areas; up in border areas | Rat/10 | Myocytes | qRT-PCR | [109] |
| miR-21 | Up | Rat/12 | Heart tissue, myocytes | qRT-PCR | [110] |
| miR-208b, -499 | Up | Human/510 MI: 397 NSTEMI, 113 STEMI, 87 controls | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [99] |
| miR-499 | Up | Human/14 ACS: 9 IM, 5 AP, 15 CHF; 10 controls | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [97] |
| miR-208 | Up (after isoproterenol SC) | Rat/8 | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [101] |
| miR-133, -328 | Up | Human/51 AMI, 28 controls | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [120] |
| miR-663b, -1291 | Down | Human/20 STEMI, 20 controls | PBMCs | Array | [123] |
| mirR-30c, -145 | Up | ||||
| miR-423-5p | Up | Human/17 MI, 4 CAD, 5 controls | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [116] |
| miR-133a, -423-5p | Up | Human/246 MI | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [113] |
| miR-133a | UP AMI versus controls UP CAD versus non-CAD |
Human/ 1st cohort:13 AMI, 27 controls; 2nd cohort: 22 CHD, 8 non-CHD; 3rd cohort: 154 CHD, 92 non-CHD |
Plasma | qRT-PCR | [115] |
| miR-208b, -320a, -499 | Up | Human/224 AMI, 87 controls | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [121] |
| miR-155, -380* | Up | Human/19 dead after 1 y AMI; 21 survival | Serum | qRT-PCR | [122] |
| miR-150 | Down | Human/60 AMI | Plasma | Array | [114] |
| miR-1, -133a, -208b, -499 | Up | Human/67 AMI, 32 controls | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [96] |
| miR-92a-3p, -30d-5p | Down | Human/13 AMI | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [119] |
| miR-25-3p, -374b-5p, | Up | Plasma | |||
| miR-186-5p, -342-3p | Down | Platelets | |||
| miR-25-3p, -221-3p | Up | Platelets | |||
| miR-374b-5p | Down | PBMCs | |||
| miR-25-3p, -221-3p | Up | PBMCs | |||
| miR-133a | Up | Human/216 AMI with STEMI | Serum | qRT-PCR | [107] |
| miR-1 | Up | Human/17 AMI, 25 controls | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [93] |
| miR-126 | Down | ||||
| miR-30a, 195, -let-7b | Up | Human/18 AMI, 30 controls | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [124] |
| miR-1, -208b, -499-5p | Up | Human/407 MI: 173 STEMI, 146 NSTEMI, 88 non-MI | Plasma | qRT-PCR | [106] |
ACS: acute coronary syndrome; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; AP: angina pectoris; CAD: coronary artery disease; CHD: coronary heart disease; CVD: cardiovascular disease; miR: microRNA; d: days; Down: downregulated; HID: heart ischemic disease; MI: myocardial infarction; HF: heart failure; CHF: congestive heart failure; NSTEMI: non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; SA: stable angina; SC: subcutaneously; STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction; Tg: transgenic; UA: unstable angina; Up: upregulated; y: year.