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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 30.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Sci (Lond). 2014 Feb;126(4):275–288. doi: 10.1042/CS20120636

Figure 9. Positive autocrine (cardiac fibroblasts) and paracrine (cardiomyocytes) pathway during AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

Figure 9

AngII directly induces multiple ECM protein synthesis including fibulin-2 and TGF-β. We postulate that the increased fibulin-2 in the ECM stimulates TGF-β activation, by which TGF-β is further up-regulated in an autocrine fashion. The additional TGF-β-mediated effects, cardiac hypertrophy and increased ECM protein synthesis are only seen in WT mice. Thus fibulin-2 is necessary in activating endogenous TGF-β in the ECM.