Table 1.
Descriptive statistics showing reading accuracy and fluency scores.
| Typical Readers | Dyslexics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | p-value | η2 | ||
| N | 20 | 19 | |||
| Sex ratio (m:f) | 8:12 | 8:11 | |||
| Handedness (L:R)* | 2:15 | 3:16 | |||
| Age | 8.78 (0.35) | 8.97 (0.39) | 0.122 | 0.34 | |
| 3DM Word reading – accuracya | |||||
| HF | 99.12 (1.12) | 93.75 (4.33) | 0.000 | 0.44 | |
| LF | 97.25 (3.23) | 86.46 (13.52) | 0.001 | 0.24 | |
| Pseudo | 87.37 (9.65) | 69.14 (17.77) | 0.000 | 0.30 | |
| Total [T]b | 49.50 (9.06) | 31.05 (10.23) | 0.000 | 0.49 | |
| 3DM Word reading – fluency [T] | |||||
| HF | 52.95 (7.58) | 31.68 (6.03) | 0.000 | 0.72 | |
| LF | 54.65 (9.02) | 31.53 (5.92) | 0.000 | 0.70 | |
| Pseudo | 53.00 (9.44) | 29.84 (6.70) | 0.000 | 0.68 | |
| Total | 53.95 (9.34) | 30.68 (4.84) | 0.000 | 0.72 | |
| One-Minute Test – fluency [C]c | 6.05 (1.76) | 2.00 (0.88) | 0.000 | 0.69 | |
| Text Reading – fluency[T]** | 54.70 (8.04) | 32.94 (5.94) | 0.000 | 0.71 | |
| 3DM Spelling – accuracy[T] | 50.60 (9.14) | 34.37 (5.00) | 0.000 | 0.56 | |
| 3DM Spelling – fluency[T] | 54.55 (8.70) | 36.68 (6.28) | 0.000 | 0.60 | |
| Letter-speech sound associations [T] | |||||
| L-SS identificacion – accuracy | 46.95 (7.70) | 39.00 (9.08) | 0.005 | 0.19 | |
| L-SS discrimination – accuracy** | 50.20 (9.25) | 40.72 (8.04) | 0.002 | 0.24 | |
| L-SS identificacion – fluency | 52.80 (7.08) | 41.53 (8.02) | 0.000 | 0.37 | |
| L-SS discrimination – fluency** | 51.10 (8.01) | 43.28 (8.61) | 0.006 | 0.19 | |
| 3DM Naming speed scores[T] | |||||
| Letters | 50.05 (7.13) | 37.95 (7.67) | 0.000 | 0.41 | |
| Numbers | 50.65 (10.92) | 38.95 (8.60) | 0.001 | 0.27 | |
| Total | 49.85 (7.91) | 36.84 (8.60) | 0.000 | 0.40 | |
a
Raw scores. bT scores (M = 50, SD = 10). cC scores (M = 5, SD = 2).
*
Data missing for three participants; Typical n = 17. **Data missing for one participant; Dyslexics n = 18.