Table 3.

Overall within-group and controlled effect sizes and respective subgroup effect sizes, including effect size statistics.

Type of effect size	Sample		Effect size			τ2	Homogeneity			kfsa	Criterionb
	K	n	Hedges's g	95%—CI	p		Q	p	I2
Within-group effect	24	1348	0.41	(0.28, 0.55)	<0.00001	0.08	112.52	<0.00001	80%	1008	130
Excluding estimated ES (#)	19	917	0.49	(0.31, 0.67)	<0.00001	0.12	104.86	<0.00001	83%	912	105
Excluding studies N < 40	12	990	0.31	(0.18, 0.44)	<0.00001	0.04	42.77	<0.00001	74%	360	70
Subgroup Franco	3	103	1.32	(1.05, 1.59)	<0.00001	0.00	0.92	0.63	0%	393	25
Subgroup rest	21	1245	0.29	(0.19, 0.40)	<0.00001	0.03	53.68	<0. 0001	63%	588	115
Controlled effect	19	1897	0.40	(0.21, 0.58)	<0.0001	0.11	59.35	<0.00001	70%	722	105
Excluding estimated ES (#)	16	1445	0.45	(0.23, 0.68)	<0.0001	0.14	54.83	<0.00001	73%	704	90
Excluding studies n < 77	3	656	0.31	(0.15, 0.46)	0.0001	0.0	0.10	0.95	0%	90	25
Subgroup Franco	3	205	1.34	(1.04, 1.65)	<0.00001	0.00	1.83	0.40	0%	399	25
Subgroup rest	16	1692	0.23	(0.13, 0.33)	<0.00001	0.00	11.05	0.75	0%	352	90

K, number of studies; N/n, number of participants; g, weighted mean effect size; CI, confidence interval; τ², variance component; p, level of significance; Q, Q—Statistic.

^ak_fs is the number of unavailable studies with null results, that would be required to reduce the overall result to an insignificant level.

^bIf k_fs is exceeding the criterion (5k + 10), an essential influence of availability bias is unlikely.