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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2012 Jan 30;9:163–183. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.01.010

Fig. 12.

Fig. 12

Force output of the shortening muscle models. (a)(b) Changes in force as activation increased and muscle shortened. (c)(d) Final force output at different lengths, where models 1, 2, 3, and 4 indicate constant volume only (hydrostatic fluid), softer isotropic material, stiffer isotropic material, and vertically reinforced material, respectively.