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Changes in aponeurosis separation (mm) for the shortened contracting muscles showing the effects of material properties and pennation angle.
| Change in aponeurosis separation (mm) |
Constant volume (hydrostatic fluid) |
Softer material |
Stiffer material |
Vertical reinforced material |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25° | top fiber | −0.6891 | 1.4324 | 0.3471 | 1.4818 |
| middle fiber | −2.0664 | −0.3405 | 1.4388 | −0.3241 | |
| 47° | top fiber | −2.1764 | −0.8509 | −0.3131 | 0.3437 |
| middle fiber | −1.9594 | −1.8039 | −1.1507 | −0.5504 | |
