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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2014 Apr 13;72:296–307. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.004

Fig. 1. Autophagy is characterized by the formation and promotion of AVOs and autophagosomes.

Fig. 1

(A–C) A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of chrysotile asbestos or with 100 μg/cm2 chrysotile asbestos at different time duration with rapamycin as positive control. The cells were stained with 1 mg/ml acridine orange or 50 mM MDC for 15 min. After incubation, cells were immediately analyzed by a confocal microscope. Red: acidic vesicular organelle. Blue: MDC. (D) Confocal images of LC3 expression in chrysotile asbestos-treated A549 cells. Arrows indicate LC3 puncta (green), DAPI (blue); bar, 50 μm. (E) EM images of A549 cells treated with vehicle (PBS) or chrysotile asbestos(100μg/cm2). Arrows indicate autophagosomes. Scale bar, 1 μm.