Table 4. Distribution of the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis symptoms in 13- and 14-year-olds, by gender, in two surveys conducted in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. 2006-2007 and 2010.

Symptom		2006/2007								p	2010								p
		Total			Male			Female			Total			Male			Female
		(n = 3,015)			(n = 1,372)			(n = 1,643)			(n = 3,020)			(n = 1,369)			(n = 1,651)
		n°	%		n°	%		n°	%		n°	%		n°	%		n°	%
Cumulative wheezing		1,329	44.1		561	40.9		768	46.7	< 0.01	1,326	44.5		554	41.1		772	47.3	< 0.01
Active asthma		682	22.6		275	20.0		407	24.8	< 0.01	708	23.4		303	22.1		405	24.5	0.48
Number of attacks within the last 12 months
	1-3	528	17.5		206	15.0		322	19.6	< 0.01	547	18.1		235	17.2		312	18.9	0.21
	≥ 4	68	2.3		29	2.1		39	2.4	0.63	83	2.7		31	2.3		52	3.1	0.13
Sleep disturbed by wheezing
	< 1 night/week	204	6.8		58	4.2		146	8.9	< 0.01	198	6.6		74	5.4		124	7.5	0.02
	≥ 1 night/week	105	3.5		39	2.8		66	4.0	0.08	106	3.5		39	2.8		67	4.1	0.07
Speech-limiting wheezing		105	3.5		40	2.9		65	4.0	0.12	109	3.6		46	3.4		63	3.8	0.50
Exercise-induced wheezing		759	25.2		343	25.0		416	25.3	0.84	855	28.8		357	26.1		498	30.2	0.01
Dry cough at night		1,036	34.4		376	27.4		660	40.2	< 0.01	1,136	37.9		424	31.0		712	43.1	< 0.01
Physician-diagnosed asthma		350	11.6		168	12.2		182	11.1	0.31	433	14.5		199	14.5		234	14.2	0.77
Cumulative rhinitis		1,710	56.7		676	49.3		1,034	62.9	< 0.01	1,688	57.1		678	49.5		1010	61.2	< 0.01
Current or active rhinitis		1,303	43.2		494	36.0		809	49.2	< 0.01	1,279	42.4		498	36.4		781	47.3	< 0.01
Rhinoconjunctivitis		565	18.7		193	14.1		372	22.6	< 0.01	535	17.7		185	13.5		350	21.2	< 0.01
Rhinitis-related impairment of daily activities
	None	567	18.8		48	3.5		93	5.7	< 0.01	590	19.5		253	18.5		337	20.4	0.18
	Mild	581	19.3		223	16.3		358	21.8	< 0.01	582	19.3		201	14.7		381	23.1	< 0.01
	Moderate	81	2.7		25	1.8		56	3.4	< 0.01	81	2.7		39	2.8		42	2.5	0.60
	Severe	60	2.0		23	1.7		37	2.3	0.26	37	1.2		13	0.9		24	1.5	0.21
Physician-diagnosed rhinitis		609	20.2		241	17.6		368	22.4	< 0.01	520	17.6		214	15.6		306	18.5	0.03