Chart 1. Recommendations and complications for air stacking/deep passive lung insufflation. PCF: peak cough flow; AS: air stacking; LI: lung insufflation; NMD: neuromuscular disease. aExclusion criteria in the studies. bVC and MEP of at least 0.56 L and 11 cmH2O, respectively, are mandatory to elevate PCF > 3 L/s using AS. cAS cumbersome or impossible; passive lung insufflation remains feasible, according to Bach et al.(8) dDefined as chronic abnormalities in chest X-ray and SpO2 < 95% or FEV1/FVC ratio two standard deviations less than normal.
