Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the patients who developed hospital-acquired pneumonia (n = 140). a .
| Variable | Patients with HAP caused by | p | ||
| MDR bacteria | Non-MDR bacteria | |||
| (n = 59) | (n = 81) | |||
| Age, years b | 63 ± 15 | 63 ± 14 | 0.931 | |
| Male gender | 42 (71.2) | 56 (69.1) | 0.794 | |
| Type of hospitalization | 0.677 | |||
| Clinical | 42 (71.2) | 55 (67.9) | ||
| Surgical | 17 (28.8) | 26 (32.1) | ||
| Previous comorbidities | 46 (78.0) | 63 (77.8) | 0.979 | |
| COPD | 21 (35.6) | 19 (23.5) | 0.117 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 12 (20.3) | 8 (9.9) | 0.081 | |
| Renal failure | 19 (32.2) | 13 (16.0) | 0.041 | |
| Malignant neoplasia | 27 (45.8) | 46 (56.8) | 0.197 | |
| Immunosuppression | 14 (25.0) | 23 (29.1) | 0.598 | |
| Extrapulmonary infection | 26 (44.8) | 24 (30.0) | 0.074 | |
| Smokers | 21 (35.6) | 31 (38.3) | 0.746 | |
| Previous use of medication | ||||
| Corticosteroid therapy | 22 (37.3) | 36 (44.4) | 0.396 | |
| H2 receptor antagonists | 21 (35.6) | 29 (35.8) | 0.980 | |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 33 (55.9) | 47 (58.0) | 0.805 | |
| Invasive procedures | ||||
| Tracheostomy | 3 (5.1) | 6 (7.4) | 0.580 | |
| Dialysis | 9 (15.3) | 5 (6.2) | 0.077 | |
| Central catheter | 22 (37.3) | 29 (35.8) | 0.857 | |
| Urinary catheter | 38 (64.4) | 38 (46.9) | 0.040 | |
| Nasogastric intubation | 6 (10.2) | 8 (9.9) | 0.955 | |
| Nasogastric feeding tube use | 32 (54.2) | 36 (44.4) | 0.252 | |
| Septic status | 0.469 | |||
| Sepsis | 16 (27.1) | 15 (18.5) | ||
| Septic shock | 4 (6.8) | 7 (8.6) | ||
| Use of antibiotics within 10 days prior to diagnosis | 45 (76.3) | 38 (46.9) | 0.001 | |
| Prophylactic antibiotic therapy | 4 (6.8) | 6 (7.4) | 0.887 | |
| Mortality during hospitalization | 28 (47.5) | 34 (42.0) | 0.519 | |
HAP
: hospital-acquired pneumonia
MDR
: multidrug-resistant
H2
: histamine type 2
a
Values expressed as n (%), except where otherwise indicated
b
Values expressed as mean ± SD