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. 2014 May 7;8(6):5898–5910. doi: 10.1021/nn5009879

Figure 3.

Figure 3

NP1 stimulates autophagy. (A) MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with NP1 (60 μg/mL) for indicated times (minutes), and the conversion of LC3β-I to LC3β-II, p62, and actin were analyzed by Western blotting (representative of at least three exp.). (B) Cells were transiently transfected with LC3β-GFP followed by treatment with vehicle (left panel) or NP1 60 μg/mL (right panel) for 20 h. Autophagosomes are recognized as punctate structures (white arrow). (C) Number of autophagosomes per cell (n = 20) were counted and presented graphically. *P < 0.01 (t test).