Fig. 6.

GW1516 attenuates hepatic inflammation and markers of ER stress. Ldlr^−/− mice were fed an HFHC diet for 4 weeks. For a subsequent 8 weeks, mice remained on HFHC alone or supplemented with GW501516 (GW1516) (3 mg/kg/day) (n = 12/group). A, B: Hepatic abundance of cytokines was determined at 12 weeks by quantitative real-time PCR, and expression was normalized to Gapdh. C: Primary hepatocytes isolated from chow-fed WT mice treated with or without GW1516 for 6 h. mRNA abundances of Ccl3, Ccl2, Il1b, Icam1, and Tnf were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, expressed relative to Gapdh and normalized to untreated cells. Asterisk (*) indicates significant difference to vehicle-treated control; Student’s paired t-test (P < 0.05). D: Immunoblots of GRP78 and CHOP in liver lysates from Ldlr^−/− mice at 12 weeks. Representative immunoblots with quantitations are shown. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 8–12/group). Different letters indicate significant differences; one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test (P < 0.05).