TABLE 1.
Summary of LPA concentrations in various tissues and biological fluids
| Tissues/Fluids | LPA | LPC | Method of Measurement | References |
| Physiological conditions | ||||
| Embryonic brain | 0.32–0.35 pmol/mga | Not available | LC-MS | (43) |
| Adult brain | 3.7–35 pmol/mga | Not available | GC-MS, LC-MS/MS | (32, 47, 339, 340) |
| Nerve (spinal cord) | 0.79 pmol/mga | Not available | B103 bioassay | (42) |
| Plasma | 0.7 μMb/0.17–0.63 μMa | 100-140 μMb/440 μMa | LC-MS, RH7777 bioassay | (38, 239, 299, 341) |
| Serum | 4–15.5 μMb | 234 μMb | TLC-GC, enzymatic assay, LC-MS/MS | (166, 342, 343) |
| CSF | 0.025–0.2 pMa | Not detecteda | RH7777 bioassay | (344) |
| Seminal fluid | Negligible | 8–19 μMb | RH7777 bioassay, enzymatic cycling | (41) |
| Saliva | 0.785 nMb | Not available | FAB-MS | (345) |
| Lacrimal gland fluid | 1.3 μMa | Not available | MS | (45) |
| Aqueous humor | 0.2 μMb | Not available | MS | (45) |
| Follicular fluid | 25.3 μMb | 157 μMb | TLC-GC | (166) |
| Ascites | 0.62 μMb | Not available | RH7777 bioassay | (299) |
| Fertilized hen white | 8.0-9.6 μMa | Not available | LC-MS | (179) |
| Pathophysiological conditions | ||||
| Nerve (injury) | 74.8 pmol/mga | Not available | B103 bioassay | (42) |
| Serum (systemic sclerosis) | 5.5 μMb | 130 μMb | LC-MS/MS | (239) |
| Serum (sepsis) | Not available | 43.5 μMb | Enzymatic assay | (343) |
| Ascites (pancreatic cancer patients) | 2.7 μMa | Not available | RH7777 bioassay | (299) |
| Plasma (chronic liver injury) | 0.3-0.4 μMa | Not available | Enzymatic assay | (346) |
| Plasma (obesity) | Not available | 83.5–84.4 μMb/420–460 μMa | LC-MS | (341) |
Measurements were performed using a variety of techniques under numerous conditions, resulting in a range of values (associated errors were omitted for simplicity). References are indicated in parentheses. FAB-MS, fast atom bombardment MS.
a
Values from nonhuman organisms.
b
Values from humans.