Figure 2. Effect of nucleotides on release of cytokines from human lung fragments in the presence of LPS.
Post-mortem human lung parenchyma was chopped and sieved to obtain pieces smaller than 1 mm and incubated for 24 h at 37°C in the presence of LPS (10 µg/ml) alone or in the presence of a range of nucleotides (ATPγS, ATP, ADP, AMP, UTP, α,β-methylene-ATP, P1, P4-diadenosine tetraphosphate, 2-methylthio-ATP, Bz-ATP, 4–1000 µM). The supernatants were then analysed for cytokines by MSD multiplex immunoassays. A, B and C show the results for IL-1β, IFNγ and IL-17, n = 3–18, displayed as % of the release caused by LPS alone, mean ± s.e.mean. * indicates a significant difference between the release in the presence of the nucleotide and that to LPS alone (one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc test) carried out on the data in pg/ml.