Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the patients included in the two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis nontargeted proteomic marker discovery study.
| Low-risk PE | Intermediate or high-risk PE | P | |
| n = 6 | n = 6 | ||
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Age, years | 80.2±5.7 | 80.0±6.3 | 0.699 |
| Male sex | 2 (33%) | 2 (33%) | 0.999 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.4±3.0 | 24.0±2.7 | 0.405 |
| Risk factors for venous thromboembolism | |||
| Cancer* | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Recent surgery† | 1 (17%) | 0 (0%) | 0.296 |
| Immobilization‡ | 1 (17%) | 2 (33%) | 0.505 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Congestive heart failure | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers | |||
| RV dysfunction (echocardiogram) | 0 (0%) | 6 (100%) | - |
| BNP, pg/ml | 292±395 | 490±274 | 0.132 |
| cTnI, ng/ml | 0 | 0.12±0.12 | 0.065 |
Data are means ± SD or counts (percentage).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; PE, pulmonary embolism; RV, right ventricle.
*Active or under treatment in the last year.
†
In the previous month.
‡
Immobilized patients are defined in this analysis as non-surgical patients who had been immobilized (i.e., total bed rest with bathroom privileges) for ≥4 days in the month prior to PE diagnosis.