Table 1. Estimated fetal weight (EFW) from 22 weeks of pregnancy until birth and anthropometric and hormonal characteristics at birth, 1 and 4 years of life between SGA and AGA babies.
| Variable | SGA | AGA | p |
| n = 23 | n = 62 | ||
| Percentiles of EFW | |||
| 22 weeks of gestation | 23.7±27.4 | 38.6±28.6 | 0.05 |
| 26 weeks of gestation | 35.3±33.2 | 52±32.4 | 0.08 |
| 30 weeks of gestation | 14.8±17.9 | 44.6±32.2 | <0.0001 |
| 36 weeks of gestation | 11.4±16.6 | 42.7±33.4 | <0.0001 |
| Birth percetiles | 3.3±2.6 | 36.6±24.5 | <0.0001 |
| Birth | |||
| Female gender (%) | 13 (56.5) | 34 (54.8) | 0.89 |
| Gestational age (wk) | 38.8±2 | 38.9±1.7 | 0.8 |
| Birth weight (g) | 2363.3±384.3 | 2929.5±507.6 | <0.0001 |
| Birth weight (z-score) | −1.9±0.3 | −0.6±0.8 | <0.0001 |
| Birth Lenght (cm) | 45.5±2.9 | 48±2.3 | <0.0001 |
| Birth Lenght (z-score) | −1.9±0.8 | −0.6±1 | <0.0001 |
| Cranial perimeter (cm) | 32.6±1.7 | 33.8±1.6 | 0.006 |
| Ponderal index (kg/m3) | 24.8±1.8 | 26.3±3.1 | 0.01 |
| Sum of folds (mm) | 14.2±2.3 | 16.7±3.5 | 0.001 |
| Fat Mass - sum of folds (%) | 11±2.6 | 12.9±3.1 | 0.01 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 4.7±1.1 | 4.5±1.1 | 0.9 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 0.69±0.4 | 0.5±0.2 | 0.22 |
| Cord insulin (mUI/l) | 4.1±3.5 | 4.5±5.3 | 0.87 |
| Cord leptin (ng/ml) | 5.5±6.3 | 6.9±8.2 | 0.47 |
| QUICKI | 0.48±0.1 | 0.47±0.1 | 0.89 |
| 1 year of age | |||
| Weight (kg) | 8.7±6 | 9.3±0.9 | 0.0006 |
| Weight (z-score) | −0.8±0.6 | −0.2±0.8 | 0.0005 |
| Height (cm) | 72.7±1.9 | 73.9±2.3 | 0.02 |
| Height (z-score) | −0.4±0.7 | 0.08±0.9 | 0.02 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 16.4±1.1 | 17±1.1 | 0.04 |
| BMI (z-score) | −0.7±0.9 | −0.2±0.8 | 0.04 |
| Cranial perimeter (cm) | 45.7±1.7 | 45.9±1.5 | 0.57 |
| Delta weight 1 yr-birth | 1.1±0.6 | 0.4±0.9 | 0.002 |
| Sum of folds (mm) | 28.8±5 | 30.5±6.5 | 0.27 |
| Fat Mass - sum of folds (%) | 19.5±3.3 | 20.1±3.4 | 0.49 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 4.4±0.5 | 4.6±0.4 | 0.14 |
| Insulin (mUI/l) | 2.1±1.8 | 2.3±2.3 | 0.75 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 2.9±1 | 3.7±1.9 | 0.05 |
| QUICKI | 0.51±0.1 | 0.54±0.2 | 0.38 |
| 4 years of age | |||
| Weight (kg) | 15.2±1.8 | 16.3±1.9 | 0.02 |
| Weight (z-score) | −0.1±1.3 | 0.5±1.3 | 0.05 |
| Height (cm) | 100.3±3.1 | 102.1±3.6 | 0.03 |
| Height (z-score) | 0.4±1 | 0.8±1.1 | 0.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 15.1±1.3 | 15.6±1.2 | 0.08 |
| BMI (z-score) | −0.4±1.1 | 0.01±1 | 0.08 |
| Cranial perimeter (cm) | 50±1.5 | 50.3±1.7 | 0.26 |
| Sum of folds (mm) | 28.3±9.2 | 30±7.3 | 0.40 |
| Fat Mass - sum of folds (%) | 19±4.8 | 19.7±4.1 | 0.45 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 101.4±10.8 | 100.4±10.6 | 0.71 |
| Diastolic BP(mmHg) | 51±10.5 | 55.3±12.7 | 0.14 |
| Lean Mass (g) | 11741.8±932.1 | 12319.2±1889.2 | 0.09 |
| Fat Mass (g) | 2519.6±1338.2 | 2723.4±1075 | 0.5 |
| Bone mineral content (g/cm) | 419.2±58 | 512.4±79.3 | 0.21 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 0.6±0.1 | 0.6±0.2 | 0.95 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.1±0.6 | 4.1±0.8 | 0.94 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 41.3±24.6 | 35.1±25 | 0.36 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 4.3±3.8 | 3.8±1.8 | 0.22 |
| Glucose t0 (mmol/l) | 4.2±0.8 | 4.6±0.5 | 0.01 |
| Glucose t30 (mmol/l) | 7.9±1.6 | 8.3±1.8 | 0.38 |
| Glucose t120 (mmol/l) | 6.2±1.1 | 5.6±0.9 | 0.006 |
| Insulin t0 (mUI/l) | 2.4±1.5 | 3±1.7 | 0.2 |
| Insulin t30 (mUI/l) | 21±15.1 | 28.1±16.2 | 0.11 |
| Insulin t120 (mUI/l) | 10.2±5.3 | 9.1±5.1 | 0.36 |
| QUICKI | 0.47±0.09 | 0.43±0.05 | 0.06 |
| Insulinogenic index | 0.28±0.15 | 0.40±0.24 | 0.02 |
| Disposition Index | 8.3±5.3 | 10.2±6.3 | 0.29 |