Table 1.
Frailty Measure |
Description | Clinical Outcome | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Frailty Phenotype |
Weight loss, grip strength, exhaustion, low physical activity, 15 ft. walking speed |
30d postoperative complications, institutionalization, length of stay |
Makary et al. [10], Reveing et al. [14**] |
Frailty Index/ Deficit Accumulation |
30 to 70 measures of comorbidity, ADL, physical and neurological exam |
Mortality, institutionalization |
Mitnitski et al.[28], Rockwood et al. [29] |
Modified Frailty Index |
History of diabetes; COPD or pneumonia; congestive heart failure; myocardial infarction; angina/PCI; hypertension requiring medication; peripheral vascular disease; dementia; TIA or CVA; CVA with neurological deficit; ADL |
30d, 1yr and 2yr mortality, 30d major postoperative complications |
Adams et al. [25*], Farhat et al. [30**], Karam et al. [31*], Obeid et al. [32*], Patel et al. [23*], Tsiouris et al. [22*], Velanovich et al. [33*] |
Gait Speed | 5 meter gait ≥6secs |
Mortality, major postoperative complications, institutionalization, length of stay |
Afilalo et al. [34] |
Timed Up and Go |
TUG ≤10secs, 11-14secs, ≥15secs |
1yr mortality | Robinson et al. [35**] |
Falls | 6-mo hx of falls |
30d major postoperative complications, institutionalization, 30d readmission |
Jones et al. [36**] |
Robinson | Katz Score, Mini Cog, Charlson Index, Anemia <35%, Albumin <3.4, hx of falls |
30d major postoperative complications, length of stay, 30d readmission, 6mo postoperative mortality |
Robinson et al. [13**, 16] |
Notes: ADL (activities of daily living), Cog (cognition), COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), CVA (cerebrovascular accident), d (days), mo (months), PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention), TIA (transient ischemic attack), TUG (Timed Up and Go), yr (year)