FIG. 1.

Effect of various tissue-specific ARKO on female and male reproductive systems in mice. In the male reproductive system (top), loss of the AR in specific types of cells can impair the fertility function, the spermatogenesis process, and the development of sex accessory organs, such as the epididymides, SV, and prostate. In the female reproductive system (bottom). the AR can play essential roles. ARKO in certain types of cells can cause abnormal development of the ovary and mammary gland, subfertility, and premature ovarian failure. T-ARKO is ARKO(ACTB-Cre), Multi-ARKO is ARKO(CMV-Cre), and Multi-AR^Ex3 is AR^-EX3(CMV-Cre) denoting total ARKO, multiple ARKO, and multiple AR^EX3 mice, respectively. The remaining abbreviations are as described in the text.