Table 4.
Pain and quality of life
| |
Total cohort |
Musculoskeletal pain* |
No musculoskeletal pain |
t-test pain vs no pain |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean (SD) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | ||
|
Brief pain inventory (BPI) scores | ||||
| Pain severity |
3.44 (1.79) |
3.58 (1.79) |
2.64 (1.60) |
p = 0.006 |
| Pain interference |
2.87 (2.31) |
3.09 (2.33) |
1.55 (1.62) |
p = 0.05 |
|
SF-36 domains | ||||
| Physical functioning |
74.00 (25.80) |
67.82 (27.10) |
87.20 (16.61) |
p < 0.001 |
| Role - physical |
37.93 (44.21) |
31.92 (42.35) |
50.75 (45.54) |
p < 0.001 |
| Bodily pain |
60.68 (26.30) |
55.01 (25.36) |
72.33 (24.32) |
p < 0.001 |
| General health |
69.44 (19.00) |
66.25 (19.88) |
76.21 (14.89) |
p < 0.001 |
| Vitality |
53.53 (20.60) |
49.53 (20.56) |
61.99 (17.91) |
p < 0.001 |
| Social functioning |
64.22 (25.88) |
60.31 (25.71) |
72.44 (24.65) |
p < 0.001 |
| Role - emotional |
61.17 (43.54) |
56.82 (43.92) |
69.53 (41.44) |
p = 0.003 |
| Mental health |
69.35 (16.96) |
67.93 (16.92) |
72.34 (16.56) |
p = 0.006 |
|
FACT scores | ||||
| Physical well-being |
21.69 (5.08) |
20.79 (5.27) |
23.68 (4.02) |
p < 0.001 |
| Social well-being |
24.40 (4.48) |
24.30 (4.46) |
24.54 (4.35) |
p = 0.98 |
| Emotional well-being |
18.50 (4.14) |
18.33 (4.12) |
18.89 (4.14) |
p = 0.17 |
| Functional well-being |
18.94 (6.35) |
18.26 (6.33) |
20.50 (6.13) |
p < 0.001 |
| FACT-G total score |
81.25 (15.07) |
79.31 (15.45) |
85.51 (13.38) |
p < 0.001 |
| FACT-B total score |
104.27 (19.42) |
101.72 (20.12) |
109.83 (16.77) |
p < 0.001 |
| FACT-ES total score | 166.84 (25.69) | 162.30 (26.53) | 176.58 (20.97) | p < 0.001 |
*Musculoskeletal pain as defined by a ‘yes’ answer to at least one of our six questions added to the Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire. The Brief Pain Inventory describes all types of pain in the previous 24 hours; both measures are on a scale of 0–10, with 10 being the most severe pain or pain that most interferes with daily life. The SF-36 domains are on a scale of 0–100, with a high score indicating a more favourable health state. The FACIT physical, social, and functional well-being subscales are on a scale of 0–28; the emotional well-being sub-scale ranges from 0–24; the FACT-G total score ranges from 0–108, FACT-B 0–144, FACT-ES 0–220; higher scores represent a better QoL.