. 2014 Jul;205(1):17–23. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.134221

Table 2.

Associations between conduct problems and early adult depression: effects of adjustment for early childhood confounds

	Conduct problems ever Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	Conduct problem trajectory class
	Conduct problems ever Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	CL Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	AO Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	EOP Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)
Baseline model (reference category for trajectory class comparisons = ‘low’)	1.62 (1.30-2.01)	1.34 (1.03-1.73)	1.50 (1.16-1.94)	2.32 (1.64-3.27)
Adjusted for:
Family Adversity Index	1.48 (1.19-1.83)	1.27 (0.98-1.64)	1.40 (1.08-1.81)	1.99 (1.40-2.82)
Child characteristics
Temperament (emotionality, age 5 years)	1.53 (1.23-1.90)	1.29 (0.99-1.68)	1.42 (1.08-1.86)	2.21 (1.55-3.14)
Reading (age 7 years)	1.69 (1.36-2.11)	1.44 (1.10-1.87)	1.52 (1.17-1.99)	2.51 (1.75-3.60)
Academic self-esteem (age 8 years)	1.55 (1.23-1.95)	1.28 (0.97-1.69)	1.42 (1.07-1.87)	2.29 (1.59-3.31)
All significant confounders^b	1.50 (1.18-1.89)	1.30 (0.98-1.71)	1.40 (1.06-1.86)	2.08 (1.40-3.08)

CL, childhood limited; AO, adolescent onset; EOP, early-onset persistent.

^a.

All odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for gender.

^b.

Family Adversity Index, age 7 reading, age 8 academic self-esteem.