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. 2014 Jul 1;2:68. doi: 10.3389/fped.2014.00068

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Copyright © 2014 Liebau.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Podocyte-specific inducible and mosaic change of expression of membrane-tagged fluorescent proteins proves interdigitation of neighboring podocytes. Induction results in the expression of green fluorescent protein while non-induced cells express a bright red fluorescent protein. Podocytes expressing the different types of fluorescent reporter interdigitate and closely enwrap the glomerular capillaries. (B) Electron microscopy of the three layers of the glomerular filtration barrier (EC, endothelial cell; GBM, glomerular basement membrane; P, podocyte; FP, foot process; SD, slit diaphragm). (C) In a podocyte-specific proteinuric knockout mouse model secondary foot processes lose their structure and show effacement, a structural change also observed in multiple human proteinuric disorders.