Table 2.
Prevalence of social determinants and lifestyle risk factors by food insecurity status
| Independent variable |
Food secure |
Food insecure |
Univariable analysis |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N b | Weighted% (95% CI) | N b | Weighted% (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | p value | |
|
ATSI
a
status
| ||||||
| No |
31,820 |
94.6 (94.2-95.0) |
1,871 |
5.4 (5.0-5.8) |
1.00 |
|
| Yes |
280 |
82.3 (75.2-87.7) |
59 |
20.3 (13.5-29.4) |
4.5 (2.7-7.4) |
<0.001 |
|
Age
c
and sex
| ||||||
| 65+ years |
9,355 |
97.7 (97.2-98.1) |
201 |
2.3 (1.9-2.8) |
1.00 |
|
| 55-64 years |
6,967 |
97.2 (96.7-97.6) |
312 |
2.8 (2.4-3.3) |
1.2 (0.9-1.6) |
0.15 |
| 45-54 years |
6,190 |
94.6 (93.7-95.3) |
481 |
5.4 (4.7-6.3) |
2.4 (1.9-3.1) |
<0.001 |
| 35-44 years |
5,320 |
93.3 (92.4-94.1) |
485 |
6.7 (5.9-7.6) |
3.0 (2.4-3.9) |
<0.001 |
| 25-34 years |
2,902 |
91.9 (90.4-93.2) |
314 |
8.1 (6.8-9.6) |
3.7 (2.8-4.9) |
<0.001 |
| 18-24 years |
1,436 |
92.5 (90.7-94.0) |
149 |
7.5 (6.0-9.3) |
3.4 (2.5-4.6) |
<0.001 |
| Male |
12,416 |
95.4 (94.7-96.0) |
551 |
4.6 (4.0-5.3) |
1.00 |
|
| Female |
19,754 |
93.6 (93.0-94.1) |
1,391 |
6.4 (5.9-7.0) |
1.4 (1.2-1.7) |
<0.001 |
|
Socioeconomic status
d
| ||||||
| Greater than $80,000 |
6,711 |
98.1 (97.5-98.6) |
100 |
1.9 (1.4-2.5) |
1.00 |
|
| $60,001 - $80,000 |
3,692 |
96.8 (95.8-97.6) |
103 |
3.2 (2.4-4.2) |
1.7 (1.1-2.5) |
0.01 |
| $40,001 - $60,000 |
4,646 |
94.2 (92.9-95.3) |
224 |
5.8 (4.7-7.1) |
3.2 (2.2-4.5) |
<0.001 |
| $20,001 - $40,000 |
6,843 |
90.7 (89.4-92.0) |
525 |
9.3 (8.0-10.6) |
5.2 (3.8-7.3) |
<0.001 |
| $20,000 or less |
5,332 |
85.9 (84.2-87.5) |
776 |
14.1 (12.5-15.8) |
8.4 (6.1-11.6) |
<0.001 |
|
Lifestyle risk factors
| ||||||
| Non or ex-smoker |
26,918 |
96.1 (95.7-96.5) |
1,079 |
3.9 (3.5-4.3) |
1.00 |
|
| Smoker |
5,119 |
87.6 (86.1-88.9) |
856 |
12.4 (11.1-13.9) |
3.5 (3.0-4.1) |
<0.001 |
| Risky drinker - no |
19,426 |
94.7 (94.1-95.2) |
1,124 |
5.3 (4.8-5.9) |
1.00 |
|
| Risky drinker - yes |
12,528 |
94.2 (93.5-94.9) |
805 |
5.8 (5.1-6.5) |
1.1 (0.9-1.3) |
0.29 |
| Not obese |
24,131 |
95.1 (94.6-95.6) |
1,246 |
4.9 (4.4-5.4) |
1.00 |
|
| Obese |
6,100 |
92.3 (91.1-93.3) |
525 |
7.7 (6.7-8.9) |
1.6 (1.4-2.0) |
<0.001 |
|
Social support
e
| ||||||
| Family - yes |
29,434 |
95.2 (94.8-95.6) |
1,460 |
4.8 (4.4-5.2) |
1.00 |
|
| Family - no |
2,598 |
85.2 (82.8-87.4) |
466 |
14.8 (12.6-17.2) |
3.5 (2.8-4.3) |
<0.001 |
| Neighbours - yes |
25,301 |
96.0 (95.5-96.3) |
1,442 |
4.0 (3.7-4.5) |
1.00 |
|
| Neighbours - no |
5,899 |
90.4 (89.2-91.5) |
731 |
9.6 (8.5-10.8) |
2.5 (2.1-3.0) |
<0.001 |
| Friends - yes |
30,522 |
95.0 (94.6-95.4) |
1,625 |
5.0 (4.6-5.4) |
1.00 |
|
| Friends - no |
1,424 |
84.0 (81.3-86.4) |
302 |
16.0 (13.6-18.7) |
3.6 (3.0-4.5) |
<0.001 |
|
Household composition
| ||||||
| Not a lone parent |
30,618 |
95.0 (94.6-95.4) |
1,581 |
5.0 (4.6-5.4) |
1.00 |
|
| Lone parent |
1,431 |
82.5 (79.7-84.9) |
350 |
17.5 (15.1-20.3) |
4.0 (3.3-4.9) |
<0.001 |
| Childless household |
22,229 |
95.4 (94.8-95.8) |
1,045 |
4.6 (4.2-5.2) |
1.00 |
|
| Household with a child |
9,851 |
93.1 (92.4-93.8) |
890 |
6.9 (6.2-7.6) |
1.5 (1.3-1.8) |
<0.001 |
| Household sizef |
32,170 |
|
1,942 |
|
1.1 (1.1-1.2) |
<0.001 |
|
Geographic location
| ||||||
| Metropolitan |
12,842 |
94.5 (93.9-95.0) |
743 |
5.5 (5.0-6.1) |
1.00 |
|
| Rural | 19,328 | 94.5 (93.9-95.0) | 1,199 | 5.5 (5.0-6.1) | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 0.99 |
95% CI = 95 per cent confidence interval, OR = odds ratio.
aATSI = Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.
bN = raw unweighted sample size; however, prevalence and prevalence odds ratio estimates are based on weighted data.
cMean age = 45.7 years (45.6-45.8); min = 18 years, max = 99.
dTotal annual household income.
eAbility to get help from family, neighbours or friends, when needed.
fContinuous variable.