Table 3.
Relationship between food insecurity and Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander status: adjusted for social determinants and lifestyle risk factors
|
Secondary independent variables |
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-ATSI * | ATSI * | p value | |
|
Age and sex
| |||
| Age |
1.0 |
4.0 (2.5-6.6) |
<0.001 |
| Sex |
1.0 |
4.6 (2.8-7.5) |
<0.001 |
|
Socioeconomic status (SES)
a
|
1.0 |
3.9 (2.3-6.6) |
<0.001 |
|
Lifestyle risk factors
b
| |||
| Current smoker |
1.0 |
3.8 (2.3-6.3) |
<0.001 |
| Obese |
1.0 |
4.9 (2.9-8.2) |
<0.001 |
|
Social support
c
| |||
| Unable to get help from family |
1.0 |
4.1 (2.5-6.9) |
<0.001 |
| Unable to get help from friends |
1.0 |
4.8 (2.9-7.9) |
<0.001 |
| Unable to get help from neighbours |
1.0 |
4.5 (2.7-7.5) |
<0.001 |
|
Household composition
d
| |||
| Lone parent household |
1.0 |
4.6 (2.8-7.6) |
<0.001 |
| Household with a child |
1.0 |
4.4 (2.7-7.2) |
<0.001 |
| Household size |
1.0 |
4.6 (2.8-7.3) |
<0.001 |
|
Multivariable models |
|
||
| Age and SESa |
1.0 |
3.0 (1.8-5.2) |
<0.001 |
| Age and lifestyle risk factorsb |
1.0 |
3.8 (2.3-6.4) |
<0.001 |
| Age and social supportc |
1.0 |
4.0 (2.4-6.6) |
<0.001 |
| Age, SES and lifestyle risk factorsc b |
1.0 |
2.9 (1.6-5.2) |
<0.001 |
| Age, SES and social supporta c |
1.0 |
2.9 (1.7-5.1) |
<0.001 |
| Age, SES, lifestyle & social supporta b c |
1.0 |
2.8 (1.6-5.0) |
0.001 |
| All significant predictor variablesd e | 1.0 | 2.9 (1.6-5.1) | <0.001 |
ATSI *= Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Crude odds ratio was 4.5 (2.7-7.4).
aTotal annual household income, bSmoking status and obesity, cInability to get help from family and/or friends, dAll variables shown by univariable analysis to be significantly (p < 0.05) associated with food insecurity.
eHosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test; F(9, 26118) = 0.55, prob > F = 0.8359. All interaction terms were insignificant. All p values were <0.001 for the adjusted odds ratio.