TABLE 2.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes by length of the first stage of labor, beginning at 4 cm
| Variable | <90th percentile (n = 4534) | 90th–94th percentile (n = 251) | 95th–96th percentile (n = 102) | ≥97th percentile (n = 143) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal outcomes | |||||
| Cesarean in second stage | 68 (1.5%) | 3 (1.2%) | 3 (2.9%) | 3 (2.1%) | .60 |
| Operative vaginal delivery | 559 (12.5%) | 39 (15.7%) | 13 (13.1%) | 23 (16.4%) | .27 |
| Prolonged second stage | 194 (4.3%) | 13 (5.2%) | 7 (6.9%) | 21 (14.7%) | < .01 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 108 (2.4%) | 9 (3.6%) | 3 (2.9%) | 0 | .16 |
| Maternal fever | 162 (3.6%) | 26 (10.4%) | 11 (10.8%) | 19 (13.3%) | < .01 |
| Neonatal outcomes | |||||
| Composite neonatal outcome | 427 (9.5%) | 45 (18.0%) | 15 (14.7%) | 31 (21.7%) | < .01 |
| Shoulder dystocia | 213 (4.7%) | 20 (8.0%) | 8 (7.8%) | 12 (8.4%) | .01 |
| Admission to level 2–3 nursery | 195 (4.3%) | 25 (10.0%) | 8 (7.8%) | 19 (13.3%) | < .01 |
| Apgar <3 | 3 (0.1%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7%) | .06 |
| pH <7.00 | 5 (0.11%) | 0 | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | .08 |
| Base excess −12 or less | 48 (1.1%) | 3 (1.2%) | 1 (1.0%) | 2 (1.4%) | .98 |