TABLE 3.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with labor duration of the ≥90th percentile, ≥95th percentile, and ≥97th percentile from 4–10 cm
| Variable | ≥90th percentile compared with <90th percentile
|
≥95th percentile compared with <95th percentile
|
≥97th percentile compared with <97th percentile
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Maternal outcomes | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Cesarean in second stage | 1.21 (0.61–2.41) | — | 1.65 (0.72–3.76) | — | 1.39 (0.44–4.34) | — |
|
| ||||||
| Operative vaginal delivery | 1.23 (0.99–1.54) | 1.22 (0.93–1.61)a | 1.19 (0.87–1.62) | 1.19 (0.82–1.73)a | 1.29 (0.88–1.89) | 1.30 (0.81–2.08)a |
|
| ||||||
| Prolonged second stage | 1.93 (1.40–2.67) | 1.78 (1.23–2.56)b | 2.64 (1.82–3.84) | 2.53 (1.64–3.90)b | 3.35 (2.21–5.08) | 3.19 (1.94–5.26)b |
|
| ||||||
| PPH | 1.01 (0.56–1.83) | 0.97 (0.53–1.78)c | 0.50 (0.16–1.56) | 0.47 (0.15–1.48)c | — | — |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal fever | 3.16 (2.37–4.22) | 3.26 (2.34–4.54)d | 3.12 (2.17–4.48) | 3.08 (2.00–4.74)d | 3.26 (2.10–5.07) | 3.01 (1.76–5.15)d |
|
| ||||||
| Neonatal outcomes | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Composite neonatal outcome | 1.94 (1.58–2.38) | 1.88 (1.45–2.44)e | 1.89 (1.44–2.49) | 1.70 (1.20–2.41)e | 2.16 (1.56–2.98) | 1.90 (1.23–2.93)e |
|
| ||||||
| Shoulder dystocia | 1.72 (1.24–2.38) | — | 1.67 (1.08–2.60) | — | 1.70 (0.98–2.97) | — |
|
| ||||||
| Admission to level 2–3 nursery | 2.42 (1.81–3.24) | — | 2.38 (1.63–3.47) | — | 2.83 (1.82–4.38) | — |
|
| ||||||
| Apgar <3 | 3.05 (0.32–29.2) | — | 6.51 (0.68–62.4) | — | 11.4 (1.19–108.8) | — |
|
| ||||||
| pH <7.0 | 1.83 (0.21–15.6) | — | 3.92 (0.46–33.44) | — | –– | — |
|
| ||||||
| Base excess −12 or less | 1.14 (0.49–2.66) | — | 1.15 (0.36–3.67) | — | 1.32 (0.33–5.38) | — |
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; PPH, postpartum hemorrhage; RR, risk ratio.
a
Adjusted for black race, parity, and oxytocin use;
b
Adjusted for black race, macrosomia, and oxytocin use;
c
Adjusted for parity and macrosomia;
d
Adjusted for parity, prolonged second stage, and macrosomia;
e
Adjusted for parity, black race, macrosomia, and obesity.