Characterization of GNB: (a) number-averaged hydrodynamic diameter of GNB2 from dynamic light scattering measurements; TEM images of (b) oleate coated gold nanoparticles, scale bar= 20 nm, (c) control nanobeacons with no gold incorporated, scale bar= 100 nm, (d) first generation GNB (scale bar= 100 nm) and (e–g) second generation GNB revealing the gold clusters entrapped inside the phospholipids membrane (scale bar= 100 nm); (h) UV-vis spectrum of GNB2 in water confirming the presence of gold nanoparticle cluster and their surface plasmon resonance. AFM images of GNB2 (i) and GNB (j, rod); (k) TEM image of GNB (rod) showing the presence of discrete gold rod nanoparticles of larger dimension within a phospholipids encapsulation (scale bar= 100 nm).