Table 3.
Unadjusted Means and (Sample Sizes) for Select Child Wellbeing Outcomes by Breastfeeding Status (Yes/No), 1986–2010: All NLSY Children and Sibling Subsamples
| Full Samplea | Sibling Sampleb | Discordant Sibling Sampleb | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breastfed | Not Breastfed | Breastfed | Not Breastfed | Breastfed | Not Breastfed | ||||
| Body Mass Index | 17.83 (15,518) |
*** | 18.55 (17,984) |
17.78 (13,911) |
*** | 18.47 (16,120) |
18.40 (3,471) |
18.59 (3,733) |
|
| Obesity (%) | 11.91 (15,518) |
*** | 17.38 (17,984) |
11.63 (13,911) |
*** | 17.03 (16,120) |
16.36 (3,471) |
18.14 (3,733) |
|
| Asthma (%) | 7.91 (17,150) |
+ | 6.79 (18,382) |
7.43 (14,981) |
6.40 (15,673) |
7.95 ( 3,768) |
8.89 ( 3,718) |
||
| Hyperactivity Scorec | 101.79 (16,312) |
*** | 104.68 (17,515) |
101.91 (14,277) |
*** | 104.47 (14,949) |
102.97 (3,582) |
103.81 (3,543) |
|
| Parental Attachment | 19.94 (5,386) |
19.29 (5,715) |
20.04 (4,801) |
19.39 (5,095) |
19.68 (1,160) |
19.54 (1,193) |
|||
| Behavioral Compliance | 25.19 (5,358) |
24.65 (5,716) |
25.23 (4,778) |
24.67 (5,095) |
24.93 (1,166) |
24.88 (1,182) |
|||
| PIAT Math Skillsc | 106.87 (13,783) |
*** | 100.11 (15,113) |
107.11 (12,114) |
*** | 100.38 (12,968) |
102.39 (3,093) |
+ | 101.06 (3,042) |
| PIAT Reading Recognitionc | 109.36 (13,734) |
*** | 103.35 (15,043) |
109.58 (12,069) |
*** | 103.43 ( 12,906) |
106.30 (3,078) |
+ | 104.81 (3,027) |
| Peabody Picture Vocabulary Testc | 100.40 ( 7,639) |
*** | 90.43 (8,762) |
100.91 ( 6,666) |
*** | 90.97 ( 7,476) |
94.54 ( 1,743) |
93.26 (1,766) |
|
| Weschler Intelligence Scale (WISC)c | 10.38 (7,039) |
*** | 9.58 (8,122) |
10.38 (6,317) |
*** | 9.55 (7,287) |
9.91 (1,579) |
9.61 (1,666) |
|
| Scholastic Competence | 178.63 (5,015) |
*** | 169.39 (7,084) |
178.49 (4,568) |
*** | 169.05 (6,393) |
173.27 (1,266) |
169.84 (1,414) |
|
Source: National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 - Children’s Sample (NLSY-Childrens).
Notes: All data are weighted to reflect the complex sampling design of the NLSY79 study.
a
The full sample is weighted using longitudinal custom probability weights provided by the NLSY.
b
We calculate weights for the sibling sample by dividing the average custom weight of all siblings within a given family by the total number of siblings from that family.
c
Dependent variables are standardized by age.
***
p < 0.001
**
p < 0.01
*
p < 0.05
+
p < 0.10